Summer 2008 Course Descriptions

All courses below are approved to be taught in Summer 2008; however, some (or all) may not be offered.  The course numbers that are offered, in either Pre-Session, Summer I or Summer II, are linked to the Schedule of Classes. Classes with alternative delivery modes (Web based, cable TV, correspondence, etc) are noted in the Schedule at the section level.  The complete list below is a good indicator of what may be offered over the next few years (contact department about offerings).  For explanations of course elements see the Key to Course Descriptions.

Watershed Management (WS M)  Department Info

WS M 193 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 199 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 199H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 293 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 299 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 299H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 330 -- Introduction to Remote Sensing  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to remote sensing principles, techniques, and applications, designed principally for those with no background in the field.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $21.
Identical to:  GEOG 330; GEOG is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 393 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 399 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 399H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 402 -- Air and Water: An Introduction to Environmental Fluids and their Movement  (3 units)
Description:  Understanding the dynamics of air and water is fundamental for addressing important issues concerning environmental science, natural resources, and our watersheds. In this class we will develop a strong comprehension of the basic properties of air and water, critical to addressing almost any environmental issue. Additionally, we will discover differences between fluids at rest and in motion. This will help us become skilled at realizing what can be transported by air and water can transport and how it is transported.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 124 or MATH 125; PHYS 103 or consent of instuctor.
May be convened with:  WS M 502.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 408 -- Wildland Fire Management  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of fire behavior in forest, range and other vegetation types; interrelationships of fuels, weather, and topography; pyrolysis and combustion processes; effects of fire; fuels inventory; prevention, detection, and control techniques; fire danger rating and fire behavior modeling.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WS M 508.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 426 -- Watershed Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Design of waterways, erosion control structures and small dams. Methods for frequency analysis and synthetic time distribution of rainfall. Methods for estimating infiltration and runoff from small watersheds, flow routing and storm water management. Estimating erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  C E 218 or A ME 331.
Credit for:  1.5 units engineering science, 1.5 units engineering design.
Identical to:  ABE 426; ABE is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 526.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 439A -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  GEOS 439A; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 539A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 444 -- Applied Environmental Law  (3 units)
Description:  A guided journey through real world environmental law; U.S. legal system, major environmental laws-criminal and civil; common marketplace problems and solutions; high profile cases; essential professional skills.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  SWES 444; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 544.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 452 -- Dryland Ecohydrology and Vegetation Dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of ecological and hydrological interrelationships and associated vegetation dynamics for water-limited, dryland ecosystems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 316, ECOL 302, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ECOL 452, HWR 452, RNR 452.
May be convened with:  WS M 552.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 456A -- Watersheds and Ecosystem Function  (3 units)
Description:  Natural resource managers and policymakers are increasingly encountering the mandate for maintenance of ecosystem function in watersheds. What does this mean? How do we measure ecosystem function? How do we measure positive or negative changes in ecosystems? This course will examine the structure and function of watershed ecosystems with emphasis on the ecosystem and geomorphic processes shaping watersheds. Students are introduced to the processes that shape the structure and functioning of ecosystems and watersheds, their responses to natural and anthropogenic change and recovery to these disturbances. Student will compare different ecosystems to watershed responses to anthropogenic changes and collect data from selected field sites to explore the relationship among ecosystem processes and changing climate (or other disturbances). Students will develop the writing skills necessary to communicate technical information, the ability to integrate and contexualize the principles of natural resource management by class field work, and gain an understanding of the importance of proper ecologic functioning to the maintenance of healthy watershed systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182R. GIS course recommended.
Identical to:  ECOL 456A, HWR 456A, SWES 456A.
May be convened with:  WS M 556A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 460 -- Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of fundamental principles to quantifying the basic hydrologic processes occurring on watersheds.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  HWR 460.
May be convened with:  WS M 560.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 462 -- Watershed Management  (3 units)
Description:  Evaluating hydrologic impacts of management activities on watersheds to include silviculture, range, mining, and recreation use.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  WS M 460 or one course in hydrology.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
May be convened with:  WS M 562.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 467 -- Advanced Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced topics in watershed hydrology; rainfall-runoff, infiltration, overland flow routing, sediment modeling, statistical analysis and research methods in hydrology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  WS M 460.
Identical to:  ABE 467, HWR 467.
May be convened with:  WS M 567.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 468 -- Wildland Water Quality  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to water quality and its influences in natural environments. Interactions with land management and relationships to the larger issues of environmental quality.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WS M 568.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 473 -- Spatial Analysis and Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Explores the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for natural resource and environmental managers. Topics include spatial autocorrelation, interpolation techniques, and model integration. Examines sources of error and possible ramifications.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 417; Statistics.
Identical to:  RNR 473; RNR is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 573.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 493 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 494R -- Research  (3 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ENGL 101, MATH 110, ABE 120 and consent of instructor.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 497C -- Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  GEOS 497C; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 597C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 497I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of dendrochronology to paleoclimatology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  GEOS 497I; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 597I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 497J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, or geoscience.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  GEOS 497J; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 597J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 498 -- Senior Capstone  (1-3 units)
Description:  A culminating experience for majors involving a substantive project that demonstrates a synthesis of learning accumulated in the major, including broadly comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and its methodologies. Senior standing required.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 498H -- Honors Thesis  (3 units)
Description:  An honors thesis is required of all the students graduating with honors. Students ordinarily sign up for this course as a two-semester sequence. The first semester the student performs research under the supervision of a faculty member; the second semester the student writes an honors thesis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 499 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 499H -- Honors Independent Study  (3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 502 -- Air and Water: An Introduction to Environmental Fluids and their Movement  (3 units)
Description:  Understanding the dynamics of air and water is fundamental for addressing important issues concerning environmental science, natural resources, and our watersheds. In this class we will develop a strong comprehension of the basic properties of air and water, critical to addressing almost any environmental issue. Additionally, we will discover differences between fluids at rest and in motion. This will help us become skilled at realizing what can be transported by air and water can transport and how it is transported. Graduate-level requirements include following an environmental problem by completing a scientific literature review on an instructor approved topic relating to air or water (10 Page). See syllabus for point break down.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WS M 402.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 508 -- Wildland Fire Management  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of fire behavior in forest, range and other vegetation types; interrelationships of fuels, weather, and topography; pyrolysis and combustion processes; effects of fire; fuels inventory; prevention, detection, and control techniques; fire danger rating and fire behavior modeling. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper on a specific fire issue or problem in the student's professional discipline area.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WS M 408.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 526 -- Watershed Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Design of waterways, erosion control structures and small dams. Methods for frequency analysis and synthetic time distribution of rainfall. Methods for estimating infiltration and runoff from small watersheds, flow routing and storm water management. Estimating erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Graduate-level requirements include a special project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Credit for:  1.5 units engineering science, 1.5 units engineering design.
Identical to:  ABE 526; ABE is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 426.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 531 -- Dryland Forest Management  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught odd-numbered years] Utilization and management of forest resources in dry environments; biophysical and socio-economic issues related to the development of forest commodities and amenities.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  6 units of upper-division WS M or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  RNR 531; RNR is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 532 -- Agroforestry  (3 units)
Description:  Ecological and socioeconomic factors related to the planning and implementation of agroforestry systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  6 units of upper-division WS M or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  RNR 532; RNR is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 539A -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper reviewing critically some aspect of dendrochronology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  GEOS 539A; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 439A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 544 -- Applied Environmental Law  (3 units)
Description:  A guided journey through real world environmental law; U.S. legal system, major environmental laws-criminal and civil; common marketplace problems and solutions; high profile cases; essential professional skills. Graduate-level requirements include extra term papers and case studies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  SWES 544; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 444.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 552 -- Dryland ecohydrology and vegetation dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of ecological and hydrological interrelationships and associated vegetation dynamics for water-limited, dryland ecosystems. Graduate-level requirement include graduate students to produce synthesis papers on relevant literature and will meet five times outside of regular class hours to discuss these syntheses. Graduate students will also provide feedback for undergraduate students on draft summary papers.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 552, HWR 552, RNR 552.
May be convened with:  WS M 452.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 556A -- Watersheds and Ecosystem Function  (3 units)
Description:  Natural resource managers and policymakers are increasingly encountering the mandate for maintenance of ecosystem function in watersheds. What does this mean? How do we measure ecosystem function? How do we measure positive or negative changes in ecosystems? This course will examine the structure and function of watershed ecosystems with emphasis on the ecosystem and geomorphic processes shaping watersheds. Students are introduced to the processes that shape the structure and functioning of ecosystems and watersheds, their responses to natural and anthropogenic change and recovery to these disturbances. Student will compare different ecosystems to watershed responses to anthropogenic changes and collect data from selected field sites to explore the relationship among ecosystem processes and changing climate (or other disturbances). Students will develop the writing skills necessary to communicate technical information, the ability to integrate and contexualize the principles of natural resource management by class field work, and gain an understanding of the importance of proper ecologic functioning to the maintenance of healthy watershed systems. Graduate students will have to conduct a literature review of an ecosystem and its response to anthropogenic change or disturbance and work as a group to synthesize these data across ecosystems. This will include proposal, annotated bibliography, and term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 556A, HWR 556A, SWES 556A.
May be convened with:  WS M 456A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 560 -- Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of fundamental principles to quantifying the basic hydrologic processes occurring on watersheds.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  HWR 560.
May be convened with:  WS M 460.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 562 -- Watershed Management  (3 units)
Description:  Evaluating hydrologic impacts of management activities on watersheds to include silviculture, range, mining, and recreation use. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth paper on the application of hydrologic principles to problems in watershed management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
May be convened with:  WS M 462.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 567 -- Advanced Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced topics in watershed hydrology; rainfall-runoff, infiltration, overland flow routing, sediment modeling, statistical analysis and research methods in hydrology. Graduate students will be required to do additional exercises.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  HWR 567, ABE 567.
May be convened with:  WS M 467.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 568 -- Wildland Water Quality  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to water quality and its influences in natural environments. Interactions with land management and relationships to the larger issues of environmental quality. Graduate-level requirements include a class report and presentation on a negotiated topic of interest.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WS M 468.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 573 -- Spatial Analysis and Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Explores the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for natural resource and environmental managers. Topics include spatial autocorrelation, interpolation techniques, and model integration. Examines sources of error and possible ramifications. Graduate-level requirements include the students to show additional, sophisticated proficiency with the material through the completion of a final course project, consisting of an additional analysis of data provided by the students (see syllabus for point breakdown).
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 517; Statistics.
Identical to:  RNR 573; RNR is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 473.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 577 -- Advanced Topics In the Economics of Environmental Regulation  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced economic theory of environmental policy. Topics include regulation of air and water pollution under imperfect competition, imperfect information, costly enforcement, uncertainty, and the use of alternative regulatory instruments.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 113, ECON 361.
Identical to:  AREC 577; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 593 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 595E -- Topics in Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Identical to:  GEOS 595E; GEOS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 597C -- Dendochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOS 597C; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 497C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 597I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of dendrochronology to paleoclimatology. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  GEOS 597I; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 497I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 597J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, or geoscience. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  GEOS 597J; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  WS M 497J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 599 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 602 -- Snow Hydrology  (2 units)
Description:  [Taught even-numbered years] The significance of snow in hydrologic budgets of watersheds and river basins, and potentials for snowpack management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  WS M 560 and WS M 562.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 605 -- Watershed Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Distributed modeling of hydrological and sedimentation processes at the watershed scale; emphasis on current concepts and applications.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WS M 693 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  contact department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 696A -- Watershed Management  (1-3 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 696Q -- Practical and Applied Hydrometeorology  (1-3 units)
Description:  This course is driven by the initiative and interest of the course members, on the basis of group decisions. Student-led discussion will be followed by a practical activity related to site development and site documentation. Field activity at the Biosphere 2 Research Facility (transportation provided) is built into the schedule as appropriate. The research goal is to document and investigate controls of vegetation on water, carbon and energy cycling as measured using eddy covariance and other micrometeorological techniques.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  HWR 696Q, RNR 696Q.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WS M 699 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WS M 900 -- Research  (1-8 units)
Description:  Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 909 -- Master's Report  (1-3 units)
Description:  Individual study or special project or formal report thereof submitted in lieu of thesis for certain master's degrees.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 910 -- Thesis  (1-8 units)
Description:  Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 920 -- Dissertation  (1-9 units)
Description:  Research for the doctoral dissertation (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or dissertation writing).
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WS M 930 -- Supplementary Registration  (1-9 units)
Description:  For students who have completed all course requirements for their advanced degree programs. May be used concurrently with other enrollments to bring to total number of units to the required minimum.
Grading:  Grade of K is awarded for this course except for the final term.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.