Summer 2008 Course Descriptions

All courses below are approved to be taught in Summer 2008; however, some (or all) may not be offered.  The course numbers that are offered, in either Pre-Session, Summer I or Summer II, are linked to the Schedule of Classes. Classes with alternative delivery modes (Web based, cable TV, correspondence, etc) are noted in the Schedule at the section level.  The complete list below is a good indicator of what may be offered over the next few years (contact department about offerings).  For explanations of course elements see the Key to Course Descriptions.

Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences (WFSC)  Department Info

WFSC 193 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 199 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 199H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 213 -- Animal Genetics  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of genetics including classical, molecular and population genetics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  4 units of biology.
Identical to:  AN S 213; AN S is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 225 -- Wildlife Conservation and Society  (3 units)
Description:  Application of ecological concepts to conservation and management of North American and global wildlife resources and biodiversity. How conservation requires integration of scientific understanding with needs of society.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 293 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 299 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 299H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 393 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 399 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 399H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 405 -- Aquatic Entomology  (4 units)
Description:  Morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations of insects to life in water; taxonomy and ecology of aquatic insects.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182R and ECOL 182L.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ENTO 405; ENTO is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 505.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 410 -- Principles and Practices of Wildlife Damage Management  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of tools, techniques, and strategies to identify and resolve human-wildlife conflicts. Emphasis on integrated approaches to wildlife damage management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  8 units of biology and 3 units of ecology.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 441 -- Limnology  (4 units)
Description:  Study of lakes and streams; biological characteristics, as related to physical, chemical, geological, and historical processes operating on fresh waters.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $12.50.
Prerequisite(s):  6 units of biology, 3 units of chemistry and 3 units of ecology.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 441.
May be convened with:  WFSC 541.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 444 -- Wildlife Management/Mammalian Species  (4 units)
Description:  Management of wildlife as a resource; characteristics of wildlife species; principles of population dynamics in wildlife populations; techniques used in studying wildlife.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $27.50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); ECOL 181R, ECOL 181L, ECOL 182R, ECOL 182L, RNR 316; Junior/Senior standing.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 446 -- Wildlife Management/Avian Species  (4 units)
Description:  Field and laboratory methods used in avian species management; evaluation of avian habitats; census, productivity, diagnosis, and control of avian populations.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 316; Junior/Senior standing.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 449 -- Diseases of Wildlife  (3 units)
Description:  Important diseases of wildlife. Immunity, disease mechanisms, infectious agents, diagnostic procedures, and post-mortem techniques as well as a survey of selected but generally well-recognized diseases of wildlife.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  V SC 449; V SC is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 549.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 454 -- Water Harvesting  (3 units)
Description:  Course focuses on water harvesting principles and techniques. Students will learn how to apply concepts at their own residences and participate in applying them on the UA campus.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 1 hour workshop.
Identical to:  SWES 454; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 554.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 455L -- Fishery Management Laboratory  (1 unit)
Description:  Field and laboratory methods pertaining to fishery investigations and management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WFSC 555L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 455R -- Fishery Management  (3 units)
Description:  Methods and concepts pertaining to fishery investigations and management; application of principles for enhancement of fisheries and aquatic habitats.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); WFSC 441 or WFSC 444.
May be convened with:  WFSC 555R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 456 -- Aquaculture  (3 units)
Description:  Overview lectures and assigned readings on the theory and practice of aquaculture. Includes the culture of seaweeds, mollusks, crustaceans, and finfish.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 181R, ECOL 182R, ECOL 182L, CHEM 103A, CHEM 103B, CHEM 104A, CHEM 104B.
Identical to:  V SC 456; V SC is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 556.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 471 -- Stream Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  This course will examine the structure and function of stream ecosystems with emphasis on the interaction of physical and biotic elements of streams in arid regions. We will examine the role of natural and anthropogenic stressors in shaping aquatic assemblages in streams. Quantification of impairment of stream structure and function requires a thorough understanding of fundamental ecological concepts of natural streams; this will be a major focus. Also, students will learn to use current methods to assess stream condition and signs of impairment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MCB 181R.
Identical to:  SWES 471; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 571.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 474 -- Aquatic Plants and the Environment  (4 units)
Description:  The role of riparian areas, estuaries, and constructed wetlands in the environment. Emphasis on plants as wildlife habitat for nutrient cycling and bioremediation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  SWES 474; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 574.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 475 -- Freshwater and Marine Algae  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of planktonic and benthic species; field techniques and lab culture.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); 4 units of biological or plant sciences.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 475; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 575.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 482 -- Ichthyology  (4 units)
Description:  Ecology, evolution and systematics of fishes, with field and lab emphasis on Gulf of California and Arizona fishes.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); ECOL 182R and ECOL 182L.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 482; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 582.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 483 -- Herpetology  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of the amphibians and reptiles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Identical to:  ECOL 483; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 583.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 484 -- Ornithology  (4 units)
Description:  Natural history of birds and its bearing upon the problems of animal behavior, distribution, and evolution.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); one basic biology course.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 2 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 484; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 584.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 485 -- Mammalogy  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of mammals.   This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $125.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE).
Identical to:  ECOL 485; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 585.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 488 -- Arizona Mammals  (4 units)
Description:  The distribution, ecology, relative abundance, conservation, politics and management implications of the mammals of Arizona.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182R and ECOL 182L or equivalent.
Identical to:  ECOL 488; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 588.
Usually offered:  Summer.

WFSC 493 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 494R -- Research  (3 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ENGL 101, MATH 110, ABE 120 and consent of instructor.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 498 -- Senior Capstone  (1-3 units)
Description:  A culminating experience for majors involving a substantive project that demonstrates a synthesis of learning accumulated in the major, including broadly comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and its methodologies. Senior standing required.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 498H -- Honors Thesis  (3 units)
Description:  An honors thesis is required of all the students graduating with honors. Students ordinarily sign up for this course as a two-semester sequence. The first semester the student performs research under the supervision of a faculty member; the second semester the student writes an honors thesis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 499 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 499H -- Honors Independent Study  (3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 505 -- Aquatic Entomology  (4 units)
Description:  Morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations of insects to life in water; taxonomy and ecology of aquatic insects. Graduate-level requirements include an original research or review paper on some aspect of aquatic entomology agreed upon by the student and the professor.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ENTO 505; ENTO is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 405.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 515 -- Advanced Inland Fisheries Management  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of advanced fisheries management and survey techniques, monitoring protocols, and ecological issues related to inland aquatic environments in the West.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 525 -- Conceptual Foundations in Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  How past and current research in wildlife ecology have used (and mis-used) the scientific method. Examine classic/controversial primary literature to critique conceptual issues in ecology and use of the scientific method.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 541 -- Limnology  (4 units)
Description:  Study of lakes and streams; biological characteristics, as related to physical, chemical, geological, and historical processes operating on fresh waters. Graduate-level requirements include a report that synthesizes literature on a research issue of current concern, an in-class presentation and several discussion meetings.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $12.50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 541.
May be convened with:  WFSC 441.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 549 -- Diseases of Wildlife  (3 units)
Description:  Important diseases of wildlife. Immunity, disease mechanisms, infectious agents, diagnostic procedures, and post-mortem techniques as well as a survey of selected but generally well-recognized diseases of wildlife. Graduate-level requirements include a class presentation for which students will review the literature and prepare and present a lecture on a wildlife disease topic to the class.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  V SC 549; V SC is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 449.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 554 -- Water Harvesting  (3 units)
Description:  Course focuses on water harvesting principles and techniques. Students will learn how to apply concepts at their own residences and participate in applying them on the UA campus. Graduate-level requirements include working with other graduate students to evaluate water harvesting practices on campus. Two examples of good & poor water harvesting on campus plus two sites that might be considered for future harvesting must be surveyed with results posted on website.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 1 hour workshop.
Identical to:  SWES 554; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 454.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 555L -- Fishery Management Laboratory  (1 unit)
Description:  Field and laboratory methods pertaining to fishery investigations and management. Graduate-level requirements include a detailed report and presentation on a current advance in field or laboratory methods of study.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WFSC 455L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 555R -- Fishery Management  (3 units)
Description:  Methods and concepts pertaining to fishery investigations and management; application of principles for enhancement of fisheries and aquatic habitats. Graduate-level requirements include a report on a current issue in management and a report on a research issue, plus several discussion meetings.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  WFSC 455R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 556 -- Aquaculture  (3 units)
Description:  Overview lectures and assigned readings on the theory and practice of aquaculture. Includes the culture of seaweeds, mollusks, crustaceans, and finfish. Graduate-level requirements include a topic report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  V SC 556; V SC is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 456.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 571 -- Stream Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  This course will examine the structure and function of stream ecosystems with emphasis on the interaction of physical and biotic elements of streams in arid regions. We will examine the role of natural and anthropogenic stressors in shaping aquatic assemblages in streams. Quantification of impairment of stream structure and function requires a thorough understanding of fundamental ecological concepts of natural streams; this will be a major focus. Also, students will learn to use current methods to assess stream condition and signs of impairment. Graduate-level requirements include additional essay questions on exams and graduate student must meet with the instructors to discuss selected research articles. Presentations will be longer than undergraduates.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  SWES 571; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 471.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 574 -- Aquatic Plants and the Environment  (4 units)
Description:  The role of riparian areas, estuaries, and constructed wetlands in the environment. Emphasis on plants as wildlife habitat for nutrient cycling and bioremediation. Graduate-level requirements include an additional research project and class presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  SWES 574; SWES is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 474.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 575 -- Freshwater and Marine Algae  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of planktonic and benthic species; field techniques and lab culture. Graduate-level requirements include a special topic report on an aspect of freshwater algae.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Identical to:  ECOL 575; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 475.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 578 -- Wildlife Population Dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts and methods for estimating abundance and survival of fish and wildlife population, with emphasis on computer-assisted techniques, application to research design, and implications for management of populations.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  graduate standing.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 581 -- Conservation, Biology, and Management of Large Mammals  (3 units)
Description:  An in-depth examination of the ecology and management of big game in North America and an introduction to large mammals and megaherbivores in Asia, Europe, and Africa.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  WFSC 444.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 582 -- Ichthyology  (4 units)
Description:  Ecology, evolution and systematics of fishes, with field and lab emphasis on Gulf of California and Arizona fishes. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research project on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Identical to:  ECOL 582; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 482.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 583 -- Herpetology  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of the amphibians and reptiles. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Identical to:  ECOL 583; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 483.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 584 -- Ornithology  (4 units)
Description:  Natural history of birds and its bearing upon the problems of animal behavior, distribution, and evolution. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Identical to:  ECOL 584; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 484.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 585 -- Mammalogy  (4 units)
Description:  Systematics, ecology, and evolution of mammals. Graduate-level requirements include an exercise in mammalian taxonomy and a higher level of performance.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $125.
Identical to:  ECOL 585; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 485.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 588 -- Arizona Mammals  (4 units)
Description:  The distribution, ecology, relative abundance, conservation, politics and management implications of the mammals of Arizona. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 588; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  WFSC 488.
Usually offered:  Summer.

WFSC 593 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 595A -- Biopolitics  (2 units)
Description:  [Taught odd-numbered years] Communication and negotiation skills for conservation professionals working with state, federal, local agencies, and private landowners. Integrating views of partners and adversaries in decisions on management of ecosystems and endangered species. Consensus and decision making in managing wildlife.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 595B -- Biology and Management of Endangered Species  (2 units)
Description:  Characteristics of, and problems related to, the management of vulnerable species. Relationships between science and politics in conservation biology. Management concepts, analyses, and strategies for conservation of species and ecosystems.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 595C -- Wildlife Habitat Analysis  (2 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 595E -- Advanced Topics of Population Ecology  (1 unit)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.

WFSC 595G -- Biogeography and Conservation of Sky Islands  (2 units)
Description:  Study of the physical and ecological characters of montane islands of the US-Mexico boderlands and strategies for conservation of biological diversity.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 595H -- Applications of Behavioral Ecology to Conservation Biology  (2 units)
Description:  Study of how animal behavior and principles of behavioral ecology impact conservation biology.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 595S -- Management and Conservation of Small Mammals  (2 units)
Description:  The course will focus on a variety of small-bodied mammals of conservation and management interest to include bats, insectivores, rodents, and small carnivores. The population and behavioral ecology of small mammals will be reviewed in a management context. Strategies for the management of forests, grasslands, and deserts to manipulate abundance and diversity of small mammals will be examined. Threats to conservation and approaches to the abatement of these threats will be addressed. Student led discussions of relevant recent literature will help foster critical thinking skills.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Graduate standing in an RNR related discipline or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 599 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 601 -- Population Regulation in Animals  (2 units)
Description:  [Taught odd-numbered years] Exploration of theoretical and empirical basis of population regulation; critical review of literature on extrinsic and intrinsic forces; implications for management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

WFSC 693 -- Internship  (1-8 units)
Description:  contact department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 696A -- Fish and Wildlife Ecology  (1 unit)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 696B -- Challenges of Managing Wildlife in Arid Ecosystems  (2 units)
Description:  [Taught odd-numbered years] Study of the unique aspects of wildlife management in desert ecosystems; critical examination of scientific literature and discussion of current management problems.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 696C -- Restoration Ecology  (2 units)
Description:  Examination of the emerging field of restoration ecology from a habitat and population perspective. Will investigate concepts and applications of restoration ecology, with emphasis on southwestern ecosystems.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

WFSC 699 -- Independent Study  (1-5 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

WFSC 900 -- Research  (1-8 units)
Description:  Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 909 -- Master's Report  (1-3 units)
Description:  Individual study or special project or formal report thereof submitted in lieu of thesis for certain master's degrees.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 910 -- Thesis  (1-8 units)
Description:  Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 920 -- Dissertation  (1-9 units)
Description:  Research for the doctoral dissertation (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or dissertation writing).
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

WFSC 930 -- Supplementary Registration  (1-9 units)
Description:  For students who have completed all course requirements for their advanced degree programs. May be used concurrently with other enrollments to bring to total number of units to the required minimum.
Grading:  Grade of K is awarded for this course except for the final term.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.