Summer 2008 Course Descriptions

All courses below are approved to be taught in Summer 2008; however, some (or all) may not be offered.  The course numbers that are offered, in either Pre-Session, Summer I or Summer II, are linked to the Schedule of Classes. Classes with alternative delivery modes (Web based, cable TV, correspondence, etc) are noted in the Schedule at the section level.  The complete list below is a good indicator of what may be offered over the next few years (contact department about offerings).  For explanations of course elements see the Key to Course Descriptions.

Hydrology and Water Resources (HWR )  Department Info

HWR 201 -- Water Science and the Environment  (3 units)
Description:  Water plays a crucial role in the physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate the Earth system. The relations of physical hydrology are derived from the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry. The water cycle forms the framework for the study of hydrological science. Honors section available.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $2.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  fundamental arithmetic manipulation and/or basic algebra. Two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 202 -- The Water Cycle  (3 units)
Description:  The purpose of this course is to help students gain a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the hydrosphere and atmosphere and their impact on hydrologic systems, with emphasis on environmental effects. Field trips to the National Weather Service and Tucson Water Purification Plant. Honors section available.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $11 - For van transport and disposable water quality testing material..
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  not open to science and engineering majors.
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Typical structure:  1 hour discussion, 2 hours lecture.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 203 -- Arizona Water Issues  (3 units)
Description:  Study of the use and misuse of water throughout Arizona and the fundamental tools used to study water supply, quality, and conservation. Introduction to basic hydrologic principles to help students deal with issues they will encounter later as public citizens in their own communities.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Tier One physical science course. Two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Typical structure:  1 hour discussion, 2 hours lecture.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 250 -- Principles of Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to the hydrologic cycle and review of main processes, such as precipitation, evaporation and transpiration, runoff, infiltration and ground water. Some concepts and tools for water resources management are discussed. Laboratory techniques complement lecture topics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  introductory calculus.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 299 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 299H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 392A -- Directed Research in Hydrology and Water Resources  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 12 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 393 -- Internship  (1-3 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 394 -- Practicum  (1-3 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 399 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 399H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 413 -- Field Hydrology  (1 unit)
Description:  Introduction to instruments and methods for conducting and interpreting subsurface and surface hydrological field investigations. Subsurface field methods include tensiometers, gravimetric methods, neutron probes, time domain reflectometry, lysimeters and infiltrometers. Surface field methods include stream gaging, indirect discharge measurements, and micrometeorological instruments and methods. Daily field work and preparation of lab and field reports.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $100.00 - Transportation to field sites..
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 431; HWR 250 or HWR 423; or consent of instructor. Daily field trips and overnight camping in field required.
May be convened with:  HWR 513.
Usually offered:  Summer.

HWR 415 -- Introduction to Water Resources Policy  (3 units)
Description:  Water resources policy including the identification of regional problems of water use, the elements of water planning, water rights, and a consideration of institutional structures and processes.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE).
Identical to:  GEOG 415.
May be convened with:  HWR 515.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 423 -- Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Discussion and analysis of major topics of the hydrologic cycle and their interrelationship, such as rainfall, infiltration, evaporation, and runoff. Statistical and probabilistic methods in water supply and flood hydrology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  C E 218.
Identical to:  C E 423; C E is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 523.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 427 -- Computer Applications in Hydraulics  (3 units)
Description:  Computer modeling of surface water hydrology, flood plain hydraulics and water distribution systems. Theoretical basis. Application and design studies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  C E 323 or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  C E 427; C E is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 527.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 431 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, MATH 129.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  GEOS 431.
May be convened with:  HWR 531.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 432 -- Environmental Hydrogeology Lab  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to field, lab, and office methods used in hydrogeology. Hands-on use of modern field and laboratory equipment to measure and monitor hydrogeological parameters and variables. Analysis, visualization, and interpretation of the data performed in chemistry and computer laboratories.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 1 hour lecture.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  HWR 532.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 436A -- Fundamentals of the Atmospheric Sciences  (3 units)
Description:  Broadly covers fundamental topics in the atmospheric sciences. Topics include composition of the atmosphere, atmospheric thermodynamics, atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics, radiative transfer, atmospheric dynamics, and climate.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 125.
Identical to:  ATMO 436A; ATMO is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 536A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 443 -- Environmental Risk and Economic Analysis in Water Resources  (3 units)
Description:  Environmental risk analysis, environmental economics, and quantitative benefit-cost-risk planning and regulation applied to water resources.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 125.
May be convened with:  HWR 543.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 445 -- Statistical Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of statistics and probability to uncertainty in the description, measurement, and analysis of hydrologic variables and processes, including extreme events, error models, simulation, sampling.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  SIE 305 or MATH 461 or equivalent calculus-based probability/statistics course.
May be convened with:  HWR 545.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 450 -- Environmental Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Chemistry of natural waters, the predominant chemical processes affecting composition; classification, identification, and mobility of contaminants; introduction to chemical and transport modeling. Focuses on inorganic chemistry. Applied techniques will be incorporated into the course as chemistry lab, field lab, and computer lab classes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103A, CHEM 103B, MATH 129.
May be convened with:  HWR 550.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 451 -- Environmental Hydrology Lab  (1 unit)
Description:  Laboratory procedures related to chemistry of surface and subsurface water.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, HWR 450.
May be convened with:  HWR 551.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 452 -- Dryland Ecohydrology and Vegetation Dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of ecological and hydrological interrelationships and associated vegetation dynamics for water-limited, dryland ecosystems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 316, ECOL 302, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  WS M 452; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 552.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 456A -- Watersheds and Ecosystem Function  (3 units)
Description:  Natural resource managers and policymakers are increasingly encountering the mandate for maintenance of ecosystem function in watersheds. What does this mean? How do we measure ecosystem function? How do we measure positive or negative changes in ecosystems? This course will examine the structure and function of watershed ecosystems with emphasis on the ecosystem and geomorphic processes shaping watersheds. Students are introduced to the processes that shape the structure and functioning of ecosystems and watersheds, their responses to natural and anthropogenic change and recovery to these disturbances. Student will compare different ecosystems to watershed responses to anthropogenic changes and collect data from selected field sites to explore the relationship among ecosystem processes and changing climate (or other disturbances). Students will develop the writing skills necessary to communicate technical information, the ability to integrate and contexualize the principles of natural resource management by class field work, and gain an understanding of the importance of proper ecologic functioning to the maintenance of healthy watershed systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182R. GIS course recommended.
Identical to:  WS M 456A; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 556A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 460 -- Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of fundamental principles to quantifying the basic hydrologic processes occurring on watersheds.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  WS M 460; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 560.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 461 -- Environmental and Resource Geography  (3 units)
Description:  Examines physical resources (e.g. distribution, quantities, and availability) and the human factors which may contribute to their completion and deterioration as well as protection and maintenance.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE).
Identical to:  GEOG 461; GEOG is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 467 -- Advanced Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced topics in watershed hydrology; rainfall-runoff, infiltration, overland flow routing, sediment modeling, statistical analysis and research methods in hydrology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  WS M 460.
Identical to:  WS M 467; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 567.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 473 -- Spatial Analysis and Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Explores the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for natural resource and environmental managers. Topics include spatial autocorrelation, interpolation techniques, and model integration. Examines sources of error and possible ramifications.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 417; Statistics.
Identical to:  RNR 473; RNR is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 573.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 476 -- Environmental Law and Economics  (3 units)
Description:  A complex set of laws has developed to control the environmental risks posed by potentially polluting activities. In this course, a survey and an economic evaluation are presented of major environmental legislation designed to protect air, land and water resource quality.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECON 300 or ECON 361.
Identical to:  AREC 476; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 478 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the Earth system through an examination of its component parts (particularly climate and biogeochemistry) and their interactions with human activities, emphasizing information needed to understand modern and future environmental changes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  upper-division standing, introductory course work in biological and physical sciences.
Identical to:  GEOS 478; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 578.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 479 -- Economics of Water Management and Policy  (3 units)
Description:  This course focuses on economic tools and methods useful to water managers and policymakers. Case studies focus on water supply and demand, pricing and transactions, river basin management, recreation and environmental uses, inter-jurisdictional conflicts.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  One full semester of natural resource economics or microeconomics (AREC 217 or ECON 201A; ECON 361 or equivalent. Calculus (MATH 113, MATH 124 or MATH 125) or equivalent.
Identical to:  AREC 479; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 480 -- Isotope Tracers in Hydrogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental principles of stable, radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotope chemistry of natural waters; geochemical processes affecting isotopic compositions of surface waters, soil waters, and groundwaters; and case studies of isotope hydrogeology. Mandatory field trip: Sampling surface- and ground-waters in Tucson Basin, field methods in isotope hydrogeology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, GEOS 251.
Identical to:  GEOS 480.
May be convened with:  HWR 580.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 481 -- Environmental Policy  (3 units)
Description:  Role of government in management of energy, natural resources and environment; process and policy alternatives; special attention to the Southwest.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  Students will be assessed a $20 per unit fee when registering for this course for Winter or any Summer Session.
Prerequisite(s):  POL 201.
Identical to:  PA 481; PA is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 581.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 482 -- Applied Groundwater Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to ground-water flow and transport modeling, with emphasis on model construction and simulation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  HWR 582.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 490 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 490; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 590.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 492A -- Directed Research in Hydrology and Water Resources  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 12 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 498 -- Senior Capstone  (1-3 units)
Description:  A culminating experience for majors involving a substantive project that demonstrates a synthesis of learning accumulated in the major, including broadly comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and its methodologies. Senior standing required.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 498H -- Honors Thesis  (3 units)
Description:  An honors thesis is required of all the students graduating with honors. Students ordinarily sign up for this course as a two-semester sequence. The first semester the student performs research under the supervision of a faculty member; the second semester the student writes an honors thesis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 499 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 499H -- Honors Independent Study  (3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 500 -- Ecosystemology for Urban Planning  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to conceptual tools used in complex ecosystems, particularly cities and urban areas; integration of human residents with larger natural systems (human ecology); environmental impact assessment (EIA) and statement (EIS). Water resource planning and impact on regional ecosystems; technical, legal, ethical dimensions of water transfer.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PLNN 500.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 503 -- Subsurface Fluid Dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Dynamics of immiscible fluids in porous and fractured media; anisotropy and scale; advective solute transport; consolidation and land subsidence; multiaquifer systems; free surface flow and salt water/fresh water interfaces.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 250B or MATH 254 or MATH 355; CE 218.
Identical to:  C E 503.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 504 -- Numerical Methods in Subsurface Hydrology  (4 units)
Description:  Finite difference, finite element and boundary integral methods for subsurface fluid flow and mass transport; applications to aquifers, unsaturated soils, earth structures.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  C E 504.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 505 -- Vadose Zone Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of flow and transport in the vadose zone, including multiphase flow. Methods for characterization of hydraulic properties. Vadose zone processes relative to ground water contamination.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 503 or HWR 518.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 513 -- Field Hydrology  (1 unit)
Description:  Introduction to instruments and methods for conducting and interpreting subsurface and surface hydrological field investigations. Subsurface field methods include tensiometers, gravimetric methods, neutron probes, time domain reflectometry, lysimeters and infiltrometers. Surface field methods include stream gaging, indirect discharge measurements, and micrometeorological instruments and methods. Daily field work and preparation of lab and field reports. Graduate-level requirements include an independent project designed to combine numerical analyses with field experience to analyze field-measured results and to offer an improved design for a hypothetical follow-up field measurement campaign.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $100.00 - Transportation to field sites.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 518 or HWR 531; HWR 519; or consent of instructor. Daily field trips and overnight camping in field required.
May be convened with:  HWR 413.
Usually offered:  Summer.

HWR 515 -- Introduction to Water Resources Policy  (3 units)
Description:  Water resources policy including the identification of regional problems of water use, the elements of water planning, water rights, and a consideration of institutional structures and processes. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOG 515.
May be convened with:  HWR 415.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 516 -- Hydrologic Transport Processes  (3 units)
Description:  Development and application of equations describing mass and energy transport in the subsurface environment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 503 or HWR 535; SIE 270.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 517 -- Fundamentals of Water Quality  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to chemical processes affecting the behavior of major and minor chemical species in the aquatic environment. Physical, equilibrium, organic, and analytical principles as applied to natural waters.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, PHYS 241, MATH 129; Prerequisite or Concurrent registration, MATH 254.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 518 -- Fundamentals in Subsurface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of physical, mathematical, geologic, and engineering concepts fundamental to subsurface hydrologic processes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, C E 218; MATH 254, GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 519 -- Fundamentals in Surface Water Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of main topics in surface water hydrology: hydrometeorology, evaporation, rainfall-runoff, statistical and probabilistic methods, unit hydrograph method, and flood routing.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, C E 218, SIE 305.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 520 -- Water Resources Management, Planning, and Rights: A Policy Approach  (3 units)
Description:  An introduction to basic concepts and issues of water resources management and administration, emphasizing water law and rights, water resources planning, institutional and organizational arrangements, and policy processes such as adjudication and rule-making.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 523 -- Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Discussion and analysis of major topics of the hydrologic cycle and their interrelationship, such as rainfall, infiltration, evaporation, and runoff. Statistical and probabilistic methods in water supply and flood hydrology. Graduate-level requirements include a project paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  C E 523; C E is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 423.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 524 -- Hydroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  Precipitation formation processes, the surface and atmospheric branch of the hydrologic cycle, land surface-atmosphere interaction, surface energy balance, evapotranspiration, heat and moisture fluxes into the soil and atmospheric boundary layer.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ATMO 524.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 527 -- Computer Applications in Hydraulics  (3 units)
Description:  Computer modeling of surface water hydrology, flood plain hydraulics and water distribution systems. Theoretical basis. Application and design studies. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper or project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  C E 527; C E is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 427.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 528 -- Fundamentals: Systems Approach to Hydrologic Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to the language, methods, and tools of systems analysis and computer-based modeling, and their application to the science, risk assessment, management, and planning aspects of hydrology and water resources.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 129, SIE 305, or ECE 175 or equivalent computer programming course approved by instructor. Concurrent registration, MATH 254.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 529 -- Objective Analysis in the Atmospheric and Related Sciences  (3 units)
Description:  This graduate course provides an overview of statistical methods used to interpret datasets in the atmospheric and related sciences. The objective is to provide a working knowledge of the statistical tools most commonly used. Topics include application of basic statistics (composite analysis; significance testing; curve fitting; regression analysis; correlation; and non-normal distributions), non-parametric statistical significance testing (e.g. Monte-Carlo methods and field significance), matrix methods (principal component analysis; SVD analysis; CCA), and time series analysis (harmonic analysis; power spectra; data filtering; cross-spectrum analysis; singular spectrum analysis; and wavelet analysis).
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Undergraduate level statistics course and linear algebra required. Computer programming skills (C, Fortran, Matlab) and knowledge of graphical display packages needed or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ATMO 529; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 531 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper on a topic related to hydrogeology but not covered in lectures.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  GEOS 531.
May be convened with:  HWR 431.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 532 -- Environmental Hydrogeology Lab  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to field, lab, and office methods used in hydrogeology. Hands-on use of modern field and laboratory equipment to measure and monitor hydrogeological parameters and variables. Analysis, visualization, and interpretation of the data performed in chemistry and computer laboratories. Graduate-level requirements include lab reports, demonstrated understanding of techniques learned and communicate results clearly/concisely; creative application of techniques to other problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 1 hour lecture.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  HWR 432.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 535 -- Advanced Subsurface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced aquifer and well hydraulics; heterogeneity, unsaturated flow; natural and artificial recharge; ground-water and surface-water interaction; mass and heat transport.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 250B or MATH 254 or MATH 355.
Identical to:  GEOS 535.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 536A -- Fundamentals of the Atmospheric Sciences  (3 units)
Description:  Broadly covers fundamental topics in the atmospheric sciences. Topics include composition of the atmosphere, atmospheric thermodynamics, atmospheric chemistry, cloud physics, radiative transfer, atmospheric dynamics, and climate. Graduate-level requirements include additional questions on homework and exams plus a term paper on a specialized research topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ATMO 536A; ATMO is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 436A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 543 -- Environmental Risk and Economic Analysis in Water Resources  (3 units)
Description:  Environmental risk analysis, environmental economics, and quantitative benefit-cost-risk planning and regulation applied to water resources. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper on an applied aspect of the course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  HWR 443.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 545 -- Statistical Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of statistics and probability to uncertainty in the description, measurement, and analysis of hydrologic variables and processes, including extreme events, error models, simulation, sampling. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth simulation project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  HWR 445.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 550 -- Environmental Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Chemistry of natural waters, the predominant chemical processes affecting composition; classification, identification, and mobility of contaminants; introduction to chemical and transport modeling. Focuses on inorganic chemistry. Applied techniques will be incorporated into the course as chemistry lab, field lab, and computer lab classes. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  HWR 450.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 551 -- Environmental Hydrology Lab  (1 unit)
Description:  Laboratory procedures related to chemistry of surface and subsurface water. Graduate-level students will conduct their experiments individually and write individual lab reports.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, HWR 550.
May be convened with:  HWR 451.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 552 -- Dryland ecohydrology and vegetation dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Overview of ecological and hydrological interrelationships and associated vegetation dynamics for water-limited, dryland ecosystems. Graduate-level requirement include graduate students to produce synthesis papers on relevant literature and will meet five times outside of regular class hours to discuss these syntheses. Graduate students will also provide feedback for undergraduate students on draft summary papers.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  WS M 552; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 452.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 556A -- Watersheds and Ecosystem Function  (3 units)
Description:  Natural resource managers and policymakers are increasingly encountering the mandate for maintenance of ecosystem function in watersheds. What does this mean? How do we measure ecosystem function? How do we measure positive or negative changes in ecosystems? This course will examine the structure and function of watershed ecosystems with emphasis on the ecosystem and geomorphic processes shaping watersheds. Students are introduced to the processes that shape the structure and functioning of ecosystems and watersheds, their responses to natural and anthropogenic change and recovery to these disturbances. Student will compare different ecosystems to watershed responses to anthropogenic changes and collect data from selected field sites to explore the relationship among ecosystem processes and changing climate (or other disturbances). Students will develop the writing skills necessary to communicate technical information, the ability to integrate and contexualize the principles of natural resource management by class field work, and gain an understanding of the importance of proper ecologic functioning to the maintenance of healthy watershed systems. Graduate students will have to conduct a literature review of an ecosystem and its response to anthropogenic change or disturbance and work as a group to synthesize these data across ecosystems. This will include proposal, annotated bibliography, and term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  WS M 556A; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 456A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 558 -- Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  This course provides an overview of mesoscale meteorological modeling, emphasizing limited area models. It is a modified version of a course originally developed by Professor Roger Pielke, Sr., and currently taught at the University of Colorado. The objective is to provide students a framework for understanding limited area models commonly used in the atmospheric science community, either as numerical weather prediction models or regional climate models. Topics include conservation equations of the atmosphere; methods of solution; boundary and initial conditions; coordinate systems; parameterization schemes; and model application and evaluation. Particular emphasis will be placed on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, as this is used in the UA Department of Atmospheric Sciences.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ATMO 541A, ATMO 541B or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ATMO 558; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 560 -- Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Application of fundamental principles to quantifying the basic hydrologic processes occurring on watersheds.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  WS M 560; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 460.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 563 -- Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Low Temperature Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Theory and application of light stable and cosmogenic isotopes to hydrological and paleoenvironmental problems. Radiometric dating of ground water.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOS 563; GEOS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 566 -- Soil and Groundwater Remediation  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of characterizing and remediating contaminated soil and groundwater systems, with a focus on case studies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 531 or equivalent; SWES 564 or equivalent.
Identical to:  SWES 566; SWES is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 567 -- Advanced Watershed Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced topics in watershed hydrology; rainfall-runoff, infiltration, overland flow routing, sediment modeling, statistical analysis and research methods in hydrology. Graduate students will be required to do additional exercises.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  WS M 567; WS M is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 467.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 570 -- Computer Simulation of Water Quality Processes  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to the fundamentals of solving complex water chemistry problems using computer codes as tools. Equilibrium, mass transfer, 1-D transport models and catchment water quality models with multi-element chemistry, thermodynamic concepts, and use of equations in models; placing natural chemical processes into an interpretable framework, evaluation of error and uncertainty. Generally offered spring semester, alternating even-numbered years.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  or Concurrent registration, HWR 506 or HWR 517 or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 572 -- Global Biogeochemical Cycles  (3 units)
Description:  Study of processes affecting global chemical fluxes. Particular attention to current global concerns, i.e., ozone hole, carbon cycle, climate warming, atmospheric oxidation, hydrologic cycle.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GC 572; GC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 573 -- Spatial Analysis and Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Explores the use of geographic information systems (GIS) as a tool for natural resource and environmental managers. Topics include spatial autocorrelation, interpolation techniques, and model integration. Examines sources of error and possible ramifications. Graduate-level requirements include the students to show additional, sophisticated proficiency with the material through the completion of a final course project, consisting of an additional analysis of data provided by the students (see syllabus for point breakdown).
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  RNR 517; Statistics.
Identical to:  RNR 573; RNR is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 473.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 575 -- Economic Evaluation of Water and Environmental Policy  (3 units)
Description:  Theory and application of economic concepts needed to evaluate water and environmental laws and policies; including benefit cost analysis, externalities, public goods and valuation methodologies. Case studies include federal, state, tribal and international water and environmental policies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECON 300 or ECON 361.
Identical to:  AREC 575; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 576 -- Natural Resource Law and Economics  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced economic and legal analysis of environmental and natural resource policies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECON 361, MATH 113.
Identical to:  AREC 576; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 577 -- Advanced Topics In the Economics of Environmental Regulation  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced economic theory of environmental policy. Topics include regulation of air and water pollution under imperfect competition, imperfect information, costly enforcement, uncertainty, and the use of alternative regulatory instruments.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 113, ECON 361.
Identical to:  AREC 577; AREC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 578 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the Earth system through an examination of its component parts (particularly climate and biogeochemistry) and their interactions with human activities, emphasizing information needed to understand modern and future environmental changes. Graduate level requirements include an in-depth written exercise and additional activities as described in the syllabus.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOS 578; GEOS is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 478.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 580 -- Isotope Tracers in Hydrogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental principles of stable, radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotope chemistry of natural waters; geochemical processes affecting isotopic compositions of surface waters, soil waters, and groundwaters; and case studies of isotope hydrogeology. Mandatory field trip: Sampling surface- and ground-waters in Tucson Basin, field methods in isotope hydrogeology. Graduate-level requirements include a facsimile research grant proposal (i.e., as if writing proposal to a government grant agency), including abstract, of not less than 10 pages; the grade will be based on both the written paper as well as oral presentation of the research proposal to the class.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 517, or HWR 550
Identical to:  GEOS 580.
May be convened with:  HWR 480.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 581 -- Environmental Policy  (3 units)
Description:  Role of government in management of energy, natural resources and environment; process and policy alternatives; special attention to the Southwest. Graduate-level requirements include additional readings and a substantial research paper of at least 25 pages in length.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PA 581; PA is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 481.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 582 -- Applied Groundwater Modeling  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to ground-water flow and transport modeling, with emphasis on model construction and simulation. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper and/or project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  HWR 482.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 590 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science. Graduate-level requirements include an additional term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 590; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  HWR 490.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 595B -- Global Climate Change  (3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  strong quantitative background in HWR, ATMO, GEOS, or RNR.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ATMO 595B; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall, Summer.

HWR 595C -- General Circulation Observations and Modeling  (1-3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ATMO 541A, ATMO 551A, ENGR 170.
Identical to:  ATMO 595C; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring, Summer.

HWR 596B -- Arizona Water Policy  (3 units)
Description:  This course focuses on current Arizona water policy from a multi-disciplinary perspective. Through readings, research, lectures, discussions and presentations, the student is exposed to major, current water resource issues facing Arizona and other parts of the West and policies to address them. The faculty draw upon their and guest-lecturers’ experiences to demonstrate the development, analysis and implementation of real-world water policy.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Consent of instructor is required.
Identical to:  SWES 596B; SWES is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 596K -- Risk and Society  (3 units)
Description:  Based on the exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting, this course examines contemporary issues related to risk and uncertainty in modern life. The selected topics rotate according to the interests of the faculty convener and the graduate student enrollees. Generally grounded in theories of the social construction of everyday life, topics have included socio-economic risk (e.g., AIDS), technological risk (e.g., nuclear power), and so-called “natural” hazards (e.g., floods and earthquakes). The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Identical to:  GEOG 596K; GEOG is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 597C -- Hydrologic Literacy in the Secondary Classroom  (1-2 units)
Description:  The goal of the workshop is to increase the hydrologic literacy of practicing teachers and to demonstrate how to combine teaching techniques and activities in order to teach student-relevant, cognitively rigorous content using inquiry. A problem-based learning approach is used.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Open to current certified teachers K-12; all others should contact the department.
May be repeated:  for a total of 2 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Summer.

HWR 599 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 603A -- Well Hydraulic and Pumping Test Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Theory and methodology of aquifer hydraulic testing by means of wells. Generally offered spring semester, alternating odd-numbered years.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 503 or HWR 518 or HWR 535.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 605 -- Soil-Water Dynamics  (3 units)
Description:  Water flow in soils; closely related problems of solute, pollutant, and heat transfer; emphasis on current concepts and research.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254.
Identical to:  SWES 605; SWES is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 630 -- Advanced Catchment Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts and methodology required to upscale near-surface hydrologic processes to catchment scales with development of watershed models to quantify hydrologic response in different climates. Special attention given to how landscape geomorphologic structure affects hydrologic behavior.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 518, HWR 519, or consent of instructor. Computer programming skills (e.g. MATLAB, C++).
Identical to:  C E 630.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 642 -- Analysis of Hydrologic Systems  (3 units)
Description:  Presentation and evaluation of a variety of mathematical modeling techniques; presentation of theoretical basis of linear/nonlinear systems, advantages and limitations of various approaches, e.g., linear vs. nonlinear, lumped vs. distributed, used in hydrologic modeling; interrelation between function development and model calibration requirements.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 645 -- Stochastic Methods in Subsurface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years 2001 - 2002] Application of the theory of stochastic processes and random fields to natural variability in subsurface hydrology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 545.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 655 -- Stochastic Methods in Surface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Topics and applications will vary with instructor. Advanced application of statistics and probability to hydrology, time series analysis and synthesis, and artificial neural network methods, as applied in the modeling of hydro-climatic sequences or Bayesian and other analyses in the decision making process of water resources. A combination of theory and application to the fields of hydrology, environmental and water resources engineering, climatic modeling, and other related natural resource modeling.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 545 or consult with course instructor.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  C E 655.
Usually offered:  Fall.

HWR 695A -- Hydrology and Water Resources  (1-3 units)
Description:  For HWR majors, research presentation only.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  consult department before enrolling.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 696B -- Advanced Topics in Hydrology-Biogeochemistry Interactions  (1-3 units)
Description:  Investigation of current research related to the interactions between hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. Potential topics include the use of hydrologic flowpaths to scale biogeochemical reactions; liquid water availability as a physical constraint on biological processes; water availability as a biological constraint; hydrologic flowpaths as a deliverer of limiting reactants to surface and subsurface environments. Topics will vary depending on semester of offering and instructor.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 517 or HWR 580.
May be repeated:  for a total of 3 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696C -- Advanced Topics in Subsurface Hydrology and Modeling  (1-3 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696F -- Advanced Topics in Surface Hydrology and Modeling  (1-3 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696G -- Water-Rock-Microbial Interactions  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced topics in aqueous geochemistry and geomicrobiology will be discussed from current literature. Students will gain an understanding of how waters evolve through, and are influenced by, the hydrologic cycle via reactions with minerals, organic matter, and biologic processes. Strong emphasis on field and laboratory analyses, coupled with geochemical modeling. Course will greatly expand on topics from HWR 517 and be tailored to students’ research interests.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 517 or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  GEOS 696G.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696L -- Topics in Semi-Arid Hydrology  (1-2 units)
Description:  In conjunction with researchers in the NSF Center for Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA), students and faculty will explore science and policy issues related to the estimation, delivery, and use of water resources.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 4 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696Q -- Practical and Applied Hydrometeorology  (1-3 units)
Description:  This course is driven by the initiative and interest of the course members, on the basis of group decisions. Student-led discussion will be followed by a practical activity related to site development and site documentation. Field activity at the Biosphere 2 Research Facility (transportation provided) is built into the schedule as appropriate. The research goal is to document and investigate controls of vegetation on water, carbon and energy cycling as measured using eddy covariance and other micrometeorological techniques.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  WS M 696Q; WS M is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 696T -- Cosmogenic Isotopes and Other Environmental Tracers  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate even years 2000 - 2001] Theory of isotopic and other tracers, and their applications to quantifying rates of hydrological and geological processes. Tracer production in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. Their transport, deposition, and accumulation in different environments. Applications in earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

HWR 699 -- Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

HWR 900 -- Research  (1-4 units)
Description:  Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 909 -- Master's Report  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual study or special project or formal report thereof submitted in lieu of thesis for certain master's degrees.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 910 -- Thesis  (1-4 units)
Description:  Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  for a total of 4 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 920 -- Dissertation  (1-9 units)
Description:  Research for the doctoral dissertation (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or dissertation writing).
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

HWR 930 -- Supplementary Registration  (1-9 units)
Description:  For students who have completed all course requirements for their advanced degree programs. May be used concurrently with other enrollments to bring to total number of units to the required minimum.
Grading:  Grade of K is awarded for this course except for the final term.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.