Fall 2007 Course Descriptions

All courses below are approved to be taught in Fall 2007; however, some (or all) may not be offered this term.  The course numbers that are offered this term link to the Schedule of Classes.  Class with alternative delivery modes (Web based, cable TV, correspondence, etc) are noted in the Schedule at the section level.  The complete list below is a good indicator of what may be offered over the next few years (contact department about offerings).  For explanations of course elements see the Key to Course Descriptions.

Geosciences (GEOS)  Department Info

GEOS 194 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 195D -- A Sense of Place  (1 unit)
Description:  Students are introduced to the geology and ecology of Tucson and surrounding mountain ranges, including interactions between past and present societies and our desert environment. Four Saturday field trips (one per month) are scheduled during the semester, each emphasizing a particular region with its unique geological and biological aspects. A Tuesday evening class meeting will take place prior to each Saturday field trip.  This is a First-Year Colloquium Course.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 195E -- Future Energy Supplies  (1 unit)
Description:  Global energy requirements are increasing with population and technical sophistication, while the major sources of energy are finite. Moreover, our dominant energy sources have environmental consequences. We now understand that alternative, renewable energy sources necessarily lie in our future. In this colloquium we examine the present energy quandary, and consider alternative energy sources in the decades ahead. Students will make future-energy-related oral presentations at semester’s end.  This is a First-Year Colloquium Course.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 199 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 210 -- Environmental Geology  (3 units)
Description:  A geological perspective on current environmental problems, their causes and possible solutions. Focus on surface processes, geohazards, natural resources, and global systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 212 -- Introduction to Oceanography  (3 units)
Description:  Introduces the oceans and their geological, physical, chemical and biological processes with emphasis on their history and formation and the interactions of humans with the marine environment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 214 -- Astrobiology : A Planetary Prospective  (3 units)
Description:  We will explore questions about the origin, evolution, and future of life on Earth and the possibility of life arising independently elsewhere in the Universe. We will examine what it means for a planet to be habitable, both in terms of basic necessities for living organisms to function and environmental limits to their ability to survive. Finally, we will review different approaches for searching for life within the Solar System and beyond using direct and remote sensing techniques.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Identical to:  PTYS 214; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 216 -- Dinosaurs  (3 units)
Description:  Learn what happened in the real Jurassic Park! Big ideas from cosmology, geology, biology, and atmospheric science are combined to explain the existence of the marvelous Mesozoic monsters.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 218 -- Geological Disasters and Society  (3 units)
Description:  Geological catastrophes (earthquakes, meteorite impacts, flooding) are important processes in shaping the Earth. This course will acquaint students with the scientific principles governing these catastrophes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 220 -- Environmental History of the Southwest  (3 units)
Description:  Environmental and cultural history of the Southwest emphasizing discovery of the past using historical science techniques of tree-ring and packrat midden analyses and repeat photography.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  two courses from Tier One, Natural Sciences (NATS 101, 102, 104).
Approved as:  General Education Tier Two - Natural Sciences.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 251 -- Physical Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Introduction to Earth's materials; surface and internal geologic processes; plate tectonics; and geologic time. Includes practical experience in rock and mineral identification, topographic maps, and applied problems in geosciences.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 294 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 299 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 299H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 302 -- Principles of Stratigraphy and Sedimentation  (4 units)
Description:  Basic principles and methods of stratigraphic and sedimentologic analysis; sedimentation processes and depositional environments, facies relations, evaluation of unconformities, stratigraphic classification and nomenclature, correlation, and dynamics of basin fill.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 304 -- Structural Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Description and analysis of geologic structures of deformational origin; stereographic and experimental work in lab; structure and mapping in the field.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 306 -- Mineralogy  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of crystallography, crystal-chemistry, X-ray diffraction and optical mineralogy. Phase diagrams and phase transitions in the Earth's mantle. Systematic mineralogy. Atomic structure, and physical and optical properties of common rock forming minerals. Identification of minerals and determination of mineral compositions.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103A, CHEM 104A, GEOS 251.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 308 -- Paleontology  (3 units)
Description:  Basic principles and concepts; morphology and classification of fossils; their occurrence, distribution, geologic and evolutionary significance.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251; GEOSR 212 or ECOL 182.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  ECOL 308.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 310 -- Geosciences Communication  (1-3 units)
Description:  Basic writing and/or speaking skills in the geosciences. Writing and rewriting and/or speaking assignments and/or participation in Geodaze. Must take writing portion first/concurrently.  This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE).
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 322 -- Introduction to Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Physical principles applied to problems in earth science including seismology, gravity, magnetics, heat flow, plate tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251; Concurrent registration, MATH 124 or MATH 125.
Special exam:  course may be taken by special exam for credit and grade.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 330 -- Introduction to Remote Sensing  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to remote sensing principles, techniques, and applications, designed principally for those with no background in the field.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $21.
Identical to:  GEOG 330; GEOG is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 346 -- Mineral and Energy Resources  (3 units)
Description:  History of the impact of minerals and metals on development of society and civilization, uniqueness of resources, current situation and problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  junior standing.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 346H -- Mineral and Energy Resources  (3 units)
Description:  History of the impact of minerals and metals on development of society and civilization, uniqueness of resources, current situation and problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  junior standing.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 356 -- Petrology  (4 units)
Description:  Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic petrology; Introductory concepts of phase equilibrium, thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics. Emplacement of igneous rocks; distribution, and origins of igneous and metamorphic rocks; rocks in their tectonic settings and implications. Principles of thermometry and barometry. Examination of rocks in hand specimen and thin section; electron microprobe analysis and applications to P-T-t calculations.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 306, MATH 124 or MATH 125.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 392 -- Directed Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  instructor approval required.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 393 -- Internship  (1-15 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 394 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 396H -- Honors Proseminar  (3 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 397A -- Teaching Geosciences  (2-3 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  consult department before enrolling.
May be repeated:  for a total of 12 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 399 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 399H -- Honors Independent Study  (1-3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 400 -- Introduction to Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Nuclear systematics and thermodynamics with applications to geologic processes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, CHEM 104B.
May be convened with:  GEOS 500.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 401 -- Earth Science Teaching Methods and Materials  (3 units)
Description:  Instructional methods in laboratory and classroom, resources development, curriculum planning and assessment.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  22 units in earth sciences.
May be convened with:  GEOS 501.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 403 -- Physics of the Solar System  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of planetary physics, planetary motions, planetary interiors, geophysics, planetary atmospheres, asteroids, comets, origin of the solar system.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PHYS 142 or PHYS 251.
Identical to:  PTYS 403; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 503.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 406L -- Conservation Biology in the Field  (1 unit)
Description:  Problem-solving, discussion, and field trips (binoculars recommended). One Saturday trip and two 3-day weekend trips in Oct-Nov.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, ECOL 406R.
Identical to:  ECOL 406L; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 506L.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 406R -- Conservation Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Biological principles applied to protection and recovery of threatened and endangered species and the processes which link species in natural ecosystems. Biological basis for conservation laws and regulations. Distribution, valuation and sustainable production of biodiversity benefits for humanity.   This is a Writing Emphasis Course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  satisfaction of the Mid-Career Writing Assessment (MCWA) or the former upper-division writing proficiency requirement (UDWPE); ECOL 182, ECOL 302.
Identical to:  ECOL 406R; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 506R.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 411 -- Geology of the Solar System  (4 units)
Description:  Geologic processes and landforms on satellites and the terrestrial planets, their modification under various planetary environments, and methods of analysis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 129 or equivalent.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
May be repeated:  for a total of 8 units of credit.
Identical to:  PTYS 411; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 511.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 412A -- Ocean Sciences  (4 units)
Description:  Course covers ocean science from broad geological, biological, chemical and physical perspectives. Topics include seafloor geology, wave phenomena, ocean circulation and climate, marine ecosystems, and environmental issues.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  One year of science or consent of instructor. Creit will be given for GEOS 212 or GEOS 412A, but not both.
Typical structure:  3 hours laboratory, 3 hours lecture.
Identical to:  ATMO 412A, ECOL 412A.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 414 -- Geology Field Camp  (6 units)
Description:  Field methods in geology; preparation of geologic reports; emphasis on geologic mapping.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $1020 - includes $400 non-refundable deposit applied to special fee.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 302, GEOS 304.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 415 -- Geologic Hazards  (2 units)
Description:  Physical aspects of floods, landslides, subsidence, earthquakes, volcanoes, and coastal storms. Role of geology in natural-hazard management.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 416 -- Field Studies in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Seismic, magnetic, electrical, and gravity exploration techniques.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  G EN 448 or G EN 548.
Credit for:  3 units engineering design.
Identical to:  G EN 416; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 516.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 417 -- Sedimentary Basin Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation, including flexure, thinning and thermal contraction of the lithosphere; isostasy; subsidence analysis; sequence stratigraphy; paleocurrents and sediment provenance; tectonics of sedimentary basins.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 517.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 419 -- Physics of the Earth  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the physics of the solid earth, including thermodynamics, rheology, geomagnetism, gravity, and plate tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254.
Identical to:  PTYS 419.
May be convened with:  GEOS 519.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 423 -- Regional Structural Geology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Geologic mapping in a variety of rock types and structural regimes, with emphasis on the recognition and solution of regionally significant structural problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304.
May be convened with:  GEOS 523.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 424A -- Space Geodesy  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to space geodesy with application to the Earth Sciences. Course provides an overview of modern techniques (GPS, InSAR, etc.), with emphasis on the principles of the Global Positioning System. Applications include plate motions, earthquakes/volcano deformation, Earth orientation, and atmospheric studies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 215; PHYS 241 OR PHYS 251; the ability to program a computer to perform scientific calculations. Missing the prereq courses, the student must prove knowledge of calculus, linear algebra and physics including mechanics and electromagnetic wave theory.
Typical structure:  3 hours laboratory, 2 hours lecture.
May be convened with:  GEOS 524A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 425 -- Regional Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of tectonic processes operating within continents, along continental margins, and on the ocean floor.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304.
May be convened with:  GEOS 525.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 426A -- Research Methods in Aquatic Sciences  (6 units)
Description:  Theory and research methods in tropical limnology, aquatic biology, limnogeology and paleoclimatology. Field course in Africa associated with the Nyanza Project Research Training Program.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Admission to the Nyanza Project.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 3 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
May be convened with:  GEOS 526A.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 430 -- The Chemical Evolution of Earth  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Chemical differentiation and evolution of Earth's mantle and crust according to major-element, trace-element and isotopic characteristics of neodymium, hafnium, strontium, lead and other isotopes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 356 or equivalent undergraduate petrology.
Identical to:  PTYS 430.
May be convened with:  GEOS 530.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 431 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, MATH 129.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  HWR 431; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 531.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 432 -- Introduction to Seismology  (3-5 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the generation, propagation, and interpretation of seismic waves. Two sections: earthquake seismology and exploration seismology. Sections meet together for introduction then students choose one (3 units) or both (5 units) for the remainder of the semester.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 254; consult department before enrolling.
May be convened with:  GEOS 532.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 433M -- Mining Geology Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Methods and techniques of collection of geological data in tunnels and mines, and on surfaces. Interpretation of 3-dimensional data based on correlation of underground with surface data.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Senior standing in GEOS or MN E.
Identical to:  MN E 433M.
May be convened with:  GEOS 533M.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 434A -- Introduction to Exploration Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory of seismic wave propagation, and techniques of seismic reflection and refraction data acquisition and interpretation applied to exploration of the Earth's lithospheric structure and natural resources. Study of methods to image the crust in 2-D and 3-D.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 124, MATH 129.
May be convened with:  GEOS 534A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 438 -- Biogeography  (3 units)
Description:  The role of historical events and ecological processes in determining the past and present geographic distribution of plants and animals.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 182.
Identical to:  GEOG 438; GEOG is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 538.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 439A -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 439A, GEOG 439A, WS M 439A.
May be convened with:  GEOS 539A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 440 -- Geodynamics and Paleomagnetism  (3 units)
Description:  Large-scale tectonic problems approached by combined geophysical and geologic analysis in regional context.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  20 units of geosciences, MATH 254.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 540.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 442 -- Mars  (3 units)
Description:  In-depth class about the planet Mars, including origin and evolution, geophysics, geology, atmospheric science, climate change, the search for life, and the history and future of Mars exploration. There will be guest lectures from professors and research scientists with expertise about aspects of Mars. The course will include visits to Mars exploration centers at the UofA and ASU, including the operations center for the Gamma Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, currently orbiting Mars, and an all-day trip to the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University, operations center for experiments on the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Exploration Rovers. There will be lots of discussion of recent results and scientific controversies about Mars.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 411, Geology of the Solar System is strongly recommended but not required.
Identical to:  PTYS 442; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 542.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 446 -- Economic Mineral Deposits  (3 units)
Description:  Geology of metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits. Economic considerations, processes of formation, methods of study and exploration, and description of geologic aspects and settings of representative worldwide examples.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 304, GEOS 306.
May be convened with:  GEOS 546.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 448 -- Geophysical Exploration and Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of gravity, magnetic, seismic and electrical exploration; acquisition and interpretation of data to define geologic structure and evaluate resources.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PHYS 141, PHYS 241, MATH 223.
Credit for:  1 unit engineering design, 2 units engineering science.
Identical to:  G EN 448; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 548.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 450 -- Geomorphology  (4 units)
Description:  Processes, form, and dynamics of the fluvial system from source to mouth. Introduction to aeolian, glacial, and planetary geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  GEOG 450.
May be convened with:  GEOS 550.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 453 -- Glacial and Quaternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2005]. Glacial processes, landforms, and deposits. Physical aspects of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and effects on fluvial, eolian, lacustrine, weathering, and mass movement processes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
May be convened with:  GEOS 553.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 456 -- Thrust Belts and Synorogenic Sediments  (3 units)
Description:  Geometry and mechanics of thrust faults and thrust belts; tectonics of contractional orogenic belts; geomorphology of thrust belts and foreland basin system; depositional systems and provenance of foreland basin sediments; application of orogenic-wedge models.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 302 or equivalent.
May be repeated:  for credit 4 times (maximum 5 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 556.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 459 -- Thermochronology and its Application to Tectonic Change  (3 units)
Description:  Methods used in geosciences to determine temperature-time histories of crustal terrain's including U/Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, fission track and U/He techniques. Diffusion theory and applications of thermochronology to tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 559.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 460 -- Characterization and Identification of Minerals  (3 units)
Description:  This course will provide theoretical and practical training in the procedures of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe techniques, used to characterize minerals and identify unknown samples. Students will learn to use the equipment and interpret results.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  Introductory Mineralogy course.
May be convened with:  GEOS 560.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 462 -- Introduction To Quarternary Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of methods and theories used in reconstructing vegetation and climate. Ocean cores, palynology, dendroclimatology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  ANTH 462.
May be convened with:  GEOS 562.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 464 -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 464, WS M 464.
May be convened with:  GEOS 564.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 465 -- Phylogenetic Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts in phylogenetic biology, focusing on the phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree of species. The form of the tree, character evolution, speciation, and gene trees.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 320, ECOL 435; ECOL 476B or GEOS 476A or other course in evolution, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ECOL 465; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 565.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 466 -- Stable Isotope Geochemistry And Paleoclimate  (3 units)
Description:  An examination of stable isotopes in paleoenvironmental reconstruction, emphasizing O, C, H and N isotopes in the ocean, rivers, ice, lakes, soils, speleothems, and fossils. The class includes in-class presentations and a lab project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251; CHEM. 101A/B, CHEM 103A/B, or CHEM 105A/B.
May be convened with:  GEOS 566.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 469 -- Seismic Data Processing  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory and practical applications of time-series analysis and digital filtering. A problem-solving approach to seismic reflection data process.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 434A or consent of instructor. Recommended, MATH 322 or MATH 422.
May be convened with:  GEOS 569.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 470L -- Volcanology: Laboratory and Field Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Hand specimen and petrographic examination of volcanic rocks; geologic map exercises; field trips with geologic mapping exercises.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 356. Concurrent registration, GEOS 470R.
May be convened with:  GEOS 570L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 470R -- Volcanology: Physical Processes and Petrologic Applications  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical properties of magmas; physical volcanology of silicic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic magmas, with applications to petrology, extraterrestrial volcanism, mineral deposits, and society.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E. Available to qualified students for Pass/Fail Option.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, GEOS 356. Concurrent registration, GEOS 470L
May be convened with:  GEOS 570R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 477 -- Active Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Regional and subregional examination of faulting, folding, uplift, subsidence, collapse, volcanism, and mass wasting associated with active contemporary deformations of the Earth's crust. Emphasis includes impact on human society.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 577.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 478 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the Earth system through an examination of its component parts (particularly climate and biogeochemistry) and their interactions with human activities, emphasizing information needed to understand modern and future environmental changes.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  upper-division standing, introductory course work in biological and physical sciences.
Identical to:  ECOL 478, RNR 478, GEOG 478, HWR 478.
May be convened with:  GEOS 578.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 480 -- Isotope Tracers in Hydrogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental principles of stable, radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotope chemistry of natural waters; geochemical processes affecting isotopic compositions of surface waters, soil waters, and groundwaters; and case studies of isotope hydrogeology. Mandatory field trip: Sampling surface- and ground-waters in Tucson Basin, field methods in isotope hydrogeology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, GEOS 251.
Identical to:  HWR 480; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 580.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 481 -- Quarternary Palynology and Plant Macrofossils  (2-4 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2005]. Theory and techniques of identification and interpretation of pollen, spores, seeds, leaves, and wood of plants from sediment lakes, marshes, caves, and archeological sites.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  ECOL 472.
Identical to:  ANTH 481.
May be convened with:  GEOS 581.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 482 -- Paleoclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  Topics in paleoclimatology including prediction of paleoclimatic patterns, proxy paleoclimatic indicators, and paleoclimatic cycles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 582.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 489 -- Quarternary Geochronology  (3 units)
Description:  Review of quantitative dating techniques for Quaternary geologists, including 14C, U-series, in situ cosmogenic radionuclides, TL, amino acids and others.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 103B, CHEM 104B, GEOS 251.
May be convened with:  GEOS 589.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 490 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 490; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 590.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 492 -- Directed Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual or small group research under the guidance of faculty.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 493 -- Internship  (3 units)
Description:  Specialized work on an individual basis, consisting of training and practice in actual service in a technical, business, or governmental establishment.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 494 -- Practicum  (3 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 496E -- Topics in Structure and Tectonics  (1-4 units)
Description:  This seminar series is being started to give undergraduate students the opportunity to be involved with the research being done using grant money. Seminar titles and course content will vary depending on the stage of the research being conducted.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  registration by permission only.
May be repeated:  for credit 4 times (maximum 5 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 496S -- Selected Topics for Science Educators  (1-2 units)
Description:  The course is structured as a seminar with discussion, lectures and activities for the K-12 classroom. The course is focused around a speaker series offered through the College of Science, which is focused on a different scientific theme each year. Class meets for three hours once per week in the evening. During the first hour, students participate in an activity for teaching science in a K-12 classroom or a presentation on a K-12 outreach opportunity at the UA. During the second hour, a weekly College of Science theme semester seminar is attended. The third hour of class, the seminar and its application to the classroom is discussed. Activities and discussion will focus on teaching science in high school or middle school. This course is structured for science teachers at the 6th-12th grade level, but K-12 teachers at all levels are invited to participate. Pre-service teachers who are not yet certified may take the course for undergraduate credit.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Pre-service science teachers in a teacher preparation program or those with consent of instructor may enroll at Undergraduate level.
May be repeated:  for credit 6 times (maximum 7 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 496S; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 596S.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 497C -- Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 497C, WS M 497C.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 497I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to paleoclimatology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 497I, WS M 497I.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 497J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, geoscience.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 497J, WS M 497J.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 497K -- Dendroecology  (3 units)
Description:  Dendroecology is the study of ecology through the use of the tree-ring record. Ecological variables in the tree-ring record, theory and techniques of dendrochronology, applications to forest ecology. Lectures, laboratory training, and a multi-day field trip including data collection.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50, for laboratory supplies and field trip expenses.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Two semesters of Introductory Biology (ECOL 181-182 or equivalent) and one semester of Ecology (ECOL 302 or equivalent). Applicants with field experience but lacking course prerequisites may request consent of instructor.
Typical structure:  3 hours laboratory, 2 hours lecture.
May be repeated:  for credit 2 times (maximum 3 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 497K.
May be convened with:  GEOS 597K.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 498 -- Senior Capstone  (1-3 units)
Description:  A culminating experience for majors involving a substantive project that demonstrates a synthesis of learning accumulated in the major, including broadly comprehensive knowledge of the discipline and its methodologies. Senior standing required.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 498H -- Honors Thesis  (3 units)
Description:  An honors thesis is required of all the students graduating with honors. Students ordinarily sign up for this course as a two-semester sequence. The first semester the student performs research under the supervision of a faculty member; the second semester the student writes an honors thesis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 499 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 499H -- Honors Independent Study  (3 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 500 -- Introduction to Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Nuclear systematics and thermodynamics with applications to geologic processes. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 400.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 501 -- Earth Science Teaching Methods and Materials  (3 units)
Description:  Instructional methods in laboratory and classroom, resources development, curriculum planning and assessment. Graduate-level requirements include two additional projects.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 401.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 502 -- Analytical and Numerical Modeling in Geosciences  (3 units)
Description:  Analytical and numerical solutions to partial differential equations and other models widely used in disparate fields of geosciences
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 129. Open to advanced undergraduates with strong mathematical backgrounds and consent of instructor and Graduate College.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 503 -- Physics of the Solar System  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of planetary physics, planetary motions, planetary interiors, geophysics, planetary atmospheres, asteroids, comets, origin of the solar system. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a selected topic and an oral class presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 503; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 403.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 506L -- Conservation Biology in the Field  (1 unit)
Description:  Problem-solving, discussion, and field trips (binoculars recommended). One Saturday trip and two 3-day weekend trips in Oct-Nov. Graduate-level requirements include participation as team leaders.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $25.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, ECOL 506R.
Identical to:  ECOL 506L; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 406L.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 506R -- Conservation Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Biological principles applied to protection and recovery of threatened and endangered species and the processes which link species in natural ecosystems. Biological basis for conservation laws and regulations. Distribution, valuation and sustainable production of biodiversity benefits for humanity. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 506R; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 406R.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 509 -- Advanced Petrology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2005]. An advanced treatment of the topic based primarily on the principles of thermodynamics, diffusion-kinetics, and heat transfer. Applications to quantitative understanding of P-T-t evolution of metamorphic rocks, and chemical and dynamic evolution of igneous rocks
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 583 or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 510 -- Principles of Cosmochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  Bulk composition of the solar system. Chemical thermodynamics, kinetics, phase equilibria. Application to the differentiation of rocky solar system bodies into metallic cores, silicate mantles, and crusts, oceans and atmospheres.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 510; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 511 -- Geology of the Solar System  (4 units)
Description:  Geologic processes and landforms on satellites and the terrestrial planets, their modification under various planetary environments, and methods of analysis. Graduate-level requirements include an advanced research paper covering some topic in planetary geology with an extensive literature search and evaluation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 8 units of credit.
Identical to:  PTYS 511; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 411.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 512A -- Geoarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  Applications of earth sciences in addressing archeaological questions, emphasizing past landscapes and environments, and site formation. The focus is on stratigraphy, sedimentology, soils, and geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  one course in archaeology, and one course in geology or physical geography, or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ANTH 512A; ANTH is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 513 -- ENSO: Past, Present, Future  (2-3 units)
Description:  ENSO stands for: El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Overview of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system, ENSO theory, observations, predictive modeling and impacts; paleoclimatology; and evolution of ENSO in a greenhouse world.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  prior coursework in oceanography, meteorology and climatology will be helpful.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
Identical to:  ATMO 513.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 514 -- Quarternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2004]. Principles of Quaternary stratigraphy emphasizing geochronology, terrestrial processes, stratigraphic records, regional correlation, and comparisons with the deep ocean record and models of climate change.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251.
Identical to:  ANTH 514.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 516 -- Field Studies in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  Seismic, magnetic, electrical, and gravity exploration techniques. Graduate-level requirements include additional project work requiring a more in-depth analysis.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Credit for:  3 units engineering design.
Identical to:  G EN 516; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 416.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 517 -- Sedimentary Basin Analysis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical mechanisms of sedimentary basin formation, including flexure, thinning and thermal contraction of the lithosphere; isostasy; subsidence analysis; sequence stratigraphy; paleocurrents and sediment provenance; tectonics of sedimentary basins. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 544.
May be convened with:  GEOS 417.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 519 -- Physics of the Earth  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the physics of the solid earth, including thermodynamics, rheology, geomagnetism, gravity, and plate tectonics. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper in publication format on some aspect of a major course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 519.
May be convened with:  GEOS 419.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 520 -- Meteorites  (3 units)
Description:  Classification; chemical, mineralogical and isotopic composition; cosmic abundances; ages; interaction with solar and cosmic radiation; relation to comets and asteroids.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 510.
Identical to:  PTYS 520; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 523 -- Regional Structural Geology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Geologic mapping in a variety of rock types and structural regimes, with emphasis on the recognition and solution of regionally significant structural problems. Graduate-level requirements include additional reading assignments on structural processes and regional geology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 3 times (maximum 4 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 423.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 524A -- Space Geodesy  (3 units)
Description:  Introduction to space geodesy with application to the Earth Sciences. Course provides an overview of modern techniques (GPS, InSAR, etc.), with emphasis on the principles of the Global Positioning System. Applications include plate motions, earthquakes/volcano deformation, Earth orientation, and atmospheric studies. Introduction to space geodesy with application to the Earth Sciences. Course provides an overview of modern techniques (GPS, InSAR, etc.), with emphasis on the principles of the Global Positioning System. Applications include plate motions, earthquakes/volcano deformation, Earth orientation, and atmospheric studies.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  3 hours laboratory, 2 hours lecture.
May be convened with:  GEOS 424A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 525 -- Regional Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of tectonic processes operating within continents, along continental margins, and on the ocean floor. Graduate requirements include writing a ~10-page research paper that addresses a significant problem in regional tectonics.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 425.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 526A -- Research Methods in Aquatic Sciences  (6 units)
Description:  Theory and research methods in tropical limnology, aquatic biology, limnogeology and paleoclimatology. Field course in Africa associated with the Nyanza Project Research Training Program. Graduate-level requirements include a team-leadership role in organizing research, development of an original research project and must lead student discussion sections.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Typical structure:  6 hours laboratory, 3 hours lecture, 1 hour discussion.
May be convened with:  GEOS 426A.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 527 -- Orogenic Systems  (3 units)
Description:  An analysis of the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, and the tectonic evolution of selected world mountain systems ranging from currently active belts in both oceanic and continental settings back through Phanerozoic, Proterozoic, and into Archean time.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 529 -- Objective Analysis in the Atmospheric and Related Sciences  (3 units)
Description:  This graduate course provides an overview of statistical methods used to interpret datasets in the atmospheric and related sciences. The objective is to provide a working knowledge of the statistical tools most commonly used. Topics include application of basic statistics (composite analysis; significance testing; curve fitting; regression analysis; correlation; and non-normal distributions), non-parametric statistical significance testing (e.g. Monte-Carlo methods and field significance), matrix methods (principal component analysis; SVD analysis; CCA), and time series analysis (harmonic analysis; power spectra; data filtering; cross-spectrum analysis; singular spectrum analysis; and wavelet analysis).
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Undergraduate level statistics course and linear algebra required. Computer programming skiils (C, Fortran, Matlab) and knowlege of graphical display packages needed or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ATMO 529; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 530 -- The Chemical Evolution of Earth  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Chemical differentiation and evolution of Earth's mantle and crust according to major-element, trace-element and isotopic characteristics of neodymium, hafnium, strontium, lead and other isotopes. Graduate-level requirements will include an additional paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  PTYS 530.
May be convened with:  GEOS 430.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 531 -- Hydrogeology  (4 units)
Description:  Hydrologic and geologic factors controlling the occurrence and dynamics of groundwater on regional and local scales. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper on a topic related to hydrogeology but not covered in lectures.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $10.
Typical structure:  3 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory.
Identical to:  HWR 531; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 431.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 532 -- Introduction to Seismology  (3-5 units)
Description:  Fundamentals of the generation, propagation, and interpretation of seismic waves. Two sections: earthquake seismology and exploration seismology. Sections meet together for introduction then students choose one (3 units) or both (5 units) for the remainder of the semester. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 432.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 533M -- Mining Geology Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Methods and techniques of collection of geological data in tunnels and mines, and on surfaces. Interpretation of 3-dimensional data based on correlation of underground with surface data. Graduate-level requirements include completion of maps and a report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  Graduate standing in GEOS or MN E.
Identical to:  MN E 533M.
May be convened with:  GEOS 433M.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 534A -- Introduction to Exploration Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory of seismic wave propagation, and techniques of seismic reflection and refraction data acquisition and interpretation applied to exploration of the Earth's lithospheric structure and natural resources. Study of methods to image the crust in 2-D and 3-D. Graduate students are required to develop 1 more term project with longer paper than undergrads. Graduate student projects are more heavily weighted in determining the total grade. Please see syllabus for the complete grading scale for 434 and 534.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 434A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 535 -- Advanced Subsurface Hydrology  (3 units)
Description:  Advanced aquifer and well hydraulics; heterogeneity, unsaturated flow; natural and artificial recharge; ground-water and surface-water interaction; mass and heat transport.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 250B or MATH 254 or MATH 355.
Identical to:  HWR 535; HWR is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 538 -- Biogeography  (3 units)
Description:  The role of historical events and ecological processes in determining the past and present geographic distribution of plants and animals. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GEOG 538; GEOG is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 438.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 539A -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper reviewing critically some aspect of dendrochronology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 539A, GEOG 539A, WS M 539A.
May be convened with:  GEOS 439A.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 540 -- Geodynamics and Paleomagnetism  (3 units)
Description:  Large-scale tectonic problems approached by combined geophysical and geologic analysis in regional context. Graduate-level requirements include a quantitative modeling project in some aspect of tectonics and a publication-format paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 440.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 541 -- Advanced Soil Genesis  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical processes and mineralogy of weathering and soil formation; quantitative pedology; the soil as part of the ecosystem.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 251, CHEM 103B.
Identical to:  SWES 541; SWES is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 542 -- Mars  (3 units)
Description:  In-depth class about the planet Mars, including origin and evolution, geophysics, geology, atmospheric science, climate change, the search for life, and the history and future of Mars exploration. There will be guest lectures from professors and research scientists with expertise about aspects of Mars. The course will include visits to Mars exploration centers at the UofA and ASU, including the operations center for the Gamma Ray Spectrometer on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, currently orbiting Mars, and an all-day trip to the Mars Space Flight Facility at Arizona State University, operations center for experiments on the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Exploration Rovers. There will be lots of discussion of recent results and scientific controversies about Mars. Graduate-level requirements include the completion of a research project that will be presented in class as well as a report. The research project could be analysis of Mars datasets, a laboratory experiment, or new theoretical modeling.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 511, Geology of the Solar System is strongly recommended but not required.
Identical to:  PTYS 542; PTYS is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 442.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 544 -- Advanced Physical Sedimentology  (3 units)
Description:  First half of course deals with mechanics of flows and sediment transport, oscillatory and unidirectional flows, waves and wave theory, bedforms and flow regimes, sediment gravity flows, liquefaction and fluidization. Second half covers physical processes and facies in alluvial fan, fluvial, eolian, deltaic, nearshore, shelf, slope and turbidite fan systems. Emphasis is on clastic systems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 302 and MATH 254 or consent of instructor.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 546 -- Economic Mineral Deposits  (3 units)
Description:  Geology of metallic and nonmetallic ore deposits. Economic considerations, processes of formation, methods of study and exploration, and description of geologic aspects and settings of representative worldwide examples. Graduate-level requirements include an independent study project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 446.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 548 -- Geophysical Exploration and Engineering  (3 units)
Description:  Principles of gravity, magnetic, seismic and electrical exploration; acquisition and interpretation of data to define geologic structure and evaluate resources. Graduate-level requirements include a special research project collecting and interpreting geophysical field data.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  G EN 548; G EN is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 448.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 550 -- Geomorphology  (4 units)
Description:  Processes, form, and dynamics of the fluvial system from source to mouth. Introduction to aeolian, glacial, and planetary geomorphology. Graduate-level requirements include additional discussion section once a week.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ARL 550.
May be convened with:  GEOS 450.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 553 -- Glacial and Quaternary Geology  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2005]. Glacial processes, landforms, and deposits. Physical aspects of Quaternary paleoenvironmental change and effects on fluvial, eolian, lacustrine, weathering, and mass movement processes. Graduate-level requirements include an independent research project or term paper in publication format.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 453.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 554 -- Evolution of Planetary Surfaces  (3 units)
Description:  The geologic processes and evolution of terrestrial planet and satellite surfaces including the Galilean and Saturnian and Uranian satellites. Course includes one or two field trips to Meteor Crater or other locales.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  PTYS 554; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 556 -- Thrust Belts and Synorogenic Sediments  (3 units)
Description:  Geometry and mechanics of thrust faults and thrust belts; tectonics of contractional orogenic belts; geomorphology of thrust belts and foreland basin system; depositional systems and provenance of foreland basin sediments; application of orogenic-wedge models. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 4 times (maximum 5 enrollments).
May be convened with:  GEOS 456.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 559 -- Thermochronology and its Application to Tectonic Change  (3 units)
Description:  Methods used in geosciences to determine temperature-time histories of crustal terrain's including U/Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, fission track and U/He techniques. Diffusion theory and applications of thermochronology to tectonics. Graduate students will be required to present projects at the end of the semester.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 459.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 560 -- Characterization and Identification of Minerals  (3 units)
Description:  This course will provide theoretical and practical training in the procedures of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe techniques, used to characterize minerals and identify unknown samples. Students will learn to use the equipment and interpret results. Graduate-level requirements include demonstrating deeper understanding of the physics behind the experimental phenomena
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 460.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 561 -- Paleoindian Origins  (3 units)
Description:  Chronological development of Paleo-Indian occupation of the New World in relation to environmental changes of the Quaternary Period; site discoveries, case studies, hypothesis on the peopling of the Americas.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 561; ANTH is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 562 -- Introduction To Quarternary Ecology  (3 units)
Description:  Survey of methods and theories used in reconstructing vegetation and climate. Ocean cores, palynology, dendroclimatology. Graduate-level requirements include a term paper in publication format.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 462.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 563 -- Environmental Isotope Hydrology and Low Temperature Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Theory and application of light stable and cosmogenic isotopes to hydrological and paleoenvironmental problems. Radiometric dating of ground water.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  HWR 563.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 564 -- Introduction to Dendrochronology  (4 units)
Description:  Survey of dendrochronological theory and methods. Applications to archaeological, geological, and biological dating problems and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Emphasis on dating methods, developing tree-ring chronologies, and evaluating tree-ring dates from various contexts. Graduate-level requirements include a research paper reviewing critically some aspect of dendrochronology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 564, WS M 564.
May be convened with:  GEOS 464.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 565 -- Phylogenetic Biology  (3 units)
Description:  Concepts in phylogenetic biology, focusing on the phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree of species. The form of the tree, character evolution, speciation, and gene trees. Graduate-level requirements include a more in-depth term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 565; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 465.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 566 -- Stable Isotope Geochemistry And Paleoclimate  (3 units)
Description:  An examination of stable isotopes in paleoenvironmental reconstruction, emphasizing O, C, H and N isotopes in the ocean, rivers, ice, lakes, soils, speleothems, and fossils. The class includes in-class presentations and a lab project. Graduate-level requirements include additional in-class presentations and a more rigorous grading scale. 4
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 466.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 567 -- Inverse Problems in Geophysics  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2005]. Linear and nonlinear inverse theory, including least squares, generalized and maximum likelihood methods.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  experience with linear algebra recommended.
Identical to:  ATMO 567, PTYS 567.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 568 -- Advanced Seismology  (3 units)
Description:  Computational techniques in seismology. The application of synthetic seismograms to model source processes and complex structure.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 432 or GEOS 532.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 569 -- Seismic Data Processing  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental theory and practical applications of time-series analysis and digital filtering. A problem-solving approach to seismic reflection data process. Graduate-level requirements include a special research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 469.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 570L -- Volcanology: Laboratory and Field Methods  (1 unit)
Description:  Hand specimen and petrographic examination of volcanic rocks; geologic map exercises; field trips with geologic mapping exercises. Graduate students requirement includes completing a group project with an oral presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $30.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, GEOS 570R.
May be convened with:  GEOS 470L.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 570R -- Volcanology: Physical Processes and Petrologic Applications  (3 units)
Description:  Physical and chemical properties of magmas; physical volcanology of silicic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic magmas, with applications to petrology, extraterrestrial volcanism, mineral deposits, and society. Graduate requirements include writing a research paper in the middle of the course.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Concurrent registration, GEOS 570L.
May be convened with:  GEOS 470R.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 571 -- Terrestrial Planets  (3 units)
Description:  Geophysical and geochemical techniques used to deduce composition and evolution of terrestrial planets. Topics include the Earth, Moon, Mars, Venus, and meteorites.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  PTYS 510, PTYS 554.
Identical to:  PTYS 571; PTYS is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 572 -- Global Biogeochemical Cycles  (3 units)
Description:  Study of processes affecting global chemical fluxes. Particular attention to current global concerns, i.e., ozone hole, carbon cycle, climate warming, atmospheric oxidation, hydrologic cycle.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  GC 572; GC is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 577 -- Active Tectonics  (3 units)
Description:  Regional and subregional examination of faulting, folding, uplift, subsidence, collapse, volcanism, and mass wasting associated with active contemporary deformations of the Earth's crust. Emphasis includes impact on human society. Graduate-level requirements include leadership role on field trips and a special presentation.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be convened with:  GEOS 477.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 578 -- Global Change  (3 units)
Description:  Analysis of the Earth system through an examination of its component parts (particularly climate and biogeochemistry) and their interactions with human activities, emphasizing information needed to understand modern and future environmental changes. Graduate level requirements include an in-depth written exercise and additional activities as described in the syllabus.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ECOL 578, GC 578, GEOG 578, HWR 578, RNR 578.
May be convened with:  GEOS 478.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 580 -- Isotope Tracers in Hydrogeology  (3 units)
Description:  Fundamental principles of stable, radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotope chemistry of natural waters; geochemical processes affecting isotopic compositions of surface waters, soil waters, and groundwaters; and case studies of isotope hydrogeology. Mandatory field trip: Sampling surface- and ground-waters in Tucson Basin, field methods in isotope hydrogeology. Graduate-level requirements include a facsimile research grant proposal (i.e., as if writing proposal to a government grant agency), including abstract, of not less than 10 pages; the grade will be based on both the written paper as well as oral presentation of the research proposal to the class.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  HWR 517, or HWR 550
Identical to:  HWR 580; HWR is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 480.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 581 -- Quarternary Palynology and Plant Macrofossils  (2-4 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2005]. Theory and techniques of identification and interpretation of pollen, spores, seeds, leaves, and wood of plants from sediment lakes, marshes, caves, and archeological sites. Graduate-level requirements include a written report.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Identical to:  ANTH 581.
May be convened with:  GEOS 481.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 582 -- Paleoclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  Topics in paleoclimatology including prediction of paleoclimatic patterns, proxy paleoclimatic indicators, and paleoclimatic cycles. Graduate-level requirements include an additional research project.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 482.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 583 -- Physical Geochemistry  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Principles of classical and irreversible thermodynamics. Thermo-chemical and -physical properties; equations of states for solids and gases at high pressure; phase equilibrium; multicomponent systems; electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions; selected applications to petrology, mineralogy, geophysics, geochemistry, and planetary problems.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  MATH 125; MATH 129 or MATH 124.
Identical to:  PTYS 583.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 585A -- Applied Time Series Analysis  (1-3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Spring 2005]. Analysis tools in the time and frequency domains are introduced in the context of sample data sets drawn from ecology, hydrology, climatology and paleoclimatology. Students optionally use their own data in assignments applying methods.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  an undergraduate statistics course.
Typical structure:  2 hours lecture, 1 hour workshop.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 587 -- Nuclear Astrophysics  (3 units)
Description:  A survey of the origin of the elements in stars and the Big Bang. Topics include supernovae and stellar evolution, abundances in meteorites, metal-poor stars, and high-redshift systems, and the nature of the first stars.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ASTR 587; ASTR is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 589 -- Quarternary Geochronology  (3 units)
Description:  Review of quantitative dating techniques for Quaternary geologists, including 14C, U-series, in situ cosmogenic radionuclides, TL, amino acids and others. Graduate-level requirements include an in-depth research paper project on a single aspect of the course topic.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
May be convened with:  GEOS 489.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 590 -- Remote Sensing for the Study of Planet Earth  (3 units)
Description:  A multidisciplinary course delineating the physical basis of electromagnetic remote sensing, the concepts of information extraction, and applications pertinent to earth systems science. Graduate-level requirements include an additional term paper.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  REM 590; REM is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 490.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 594 -- Practicum  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application, on an individual basis, of previously studied theory and the collection of data for future theoretical interpretation.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 595A -- Topics in Geosciences  (1 unit)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 595B -- Global Climate Change  (3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  strong quantitative background in HWR, ATMO, GEOS, or RNR.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ATMO 595B; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Fall, Summer.

GEOS 595C -- General Circulation Observations and Modeling  (1-3 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  ATMO 541A, ATMO 551A, ENGR 170.
Identical to:  ATMO 595C; ATMO is home department.
Usually offered:  Spring, Summer.

GEOS 595E -- Topics in Dendrochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The exchange of scholarly information and/or secondary research, usually in a small group setting. Instruction often includes lectures by several different persons. Research projects may or may not be required of course registrants.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 9 units of credit.
Identical to:  WS M 595E.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596A -- Mineralogy-Petrology-Geochemistry  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596B -- Economic Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596C -- Geomorphology-Quarternary Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596D -- Paleontology-Sedimentary Geology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Identical to:  ANTH 596D.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596E -- Structure-Tectonics  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596F -- Geophysics  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596H -- Geosciences  (1-4 units)
Description:  The development and exchange of scholarly information, usually in a small group setting. The scope of work shall consist of research by course registrants, with the exchange of the results of such research through discussion, reports, and/or papers.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
May be repeated:  for a total of 6 units of credit.
Identical to:  CLAS 596H.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 596S -- Selected Topics for Science Educators  (1-2 units)
Description:  The course is structured as a seminar with discussion, lectures and activities for the K-12 classroom. The course is focused around a speaker series offered through the College of Science, which is focused on a different scientific theme each year. Class meets for three hours once per week in the evening. During the first hour, students participate in an activity for teaching science in a K-12 classroom or a presentation on a K-12 outreach opportunity at the UA. During the second hour, a weekly College of Science theme semester seminar is attended. The third hour of class, the seminar and its application to the classroom is discussed. Activities and discussion will focus on teaching science in high school or middle school. This course is structured for science teachers at the 6th-12th grade level, but K-12 teachers at all levels are invited to participate. Pre-service teachers who are not yet certified may take the course for undergraduate credit. Graduate-level requirements include writing a final paper on one of the semester's topics.
Grading:  Regular or alternative grades can be awarded for this course: A B C D E or S P C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  Practicing K-12 teachers and those with instructor permission may enroll at the Graduate level.
May be repeated:  for credit 6 times (maximum 7 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 596S; ECOL is home department.
May be convened with:  GEOS 496S.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring.

GEOS 597C -- Dendochronology  (1-4 units)
Description:  The practical application of theoretical learning within a group setting and involving an exchange of ideas and practical methods, skills, and principles.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Identical to:  ANTH 597C, WS M 597C.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497C.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597E -- Spatiotemporal Data Analysis Workshop  (3 units)
Description:  [Taught alternate years beginning Fall 2004]. Students will learn to analyze and interpret principal features resolvable in historical climate data sets using two commonly-applied empirical techniques. In parallel we will critically assess similar analyses published in the climate dynamics' literature.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Prerequisite(s):  linear algebra or consent of instructor.
Identical to:  ATMO 597E.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 597I -- Practical Dendroclimatology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to paleoclimatology. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by Graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 597I, WS M 597I.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497I.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597J -- Dendroarchaeology  (3 units)
Description:  An intensive introduction to the practical application of Dendrochronology to a selected topic drawn from archaeology, ecology, forest science, geoscience. Synthesis and presentation of analytical results by graduate students.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
May be repeated:  for credit 1 time (maximum 2 enrollments).
Identical to:  ANTH 597J, WS M 597J.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497J.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 597K -- Dendroecology  (3 units)
Description:  Dendroecology is the study of ecology through the use of the tree-ring record. Ecological variables in the tree-ring record, theory and techniques of dendrochronology, applications to forest ecology. Lectures, laboratory training, and a multi-day field trip including data collection. Graduate-level requirements include a brief paper on an applied problem in dendroecology and make a presentation to the class.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Special course fee required:  $50, for laboratory supplies and field trip expenses.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Typical structure:  3 hours laboratory, 2 hours lecture.
May be repeated:  for credit 2 times (maximum 3 enrollments).
Identical to:  ECOL 597K.
May be convened with:  GEOS 497K.
Usually offered:  Summer.

GEOS 599 -- Independent Study  (1-4 units)
Description:  Qualified students working on an individual basis with professors who have agreed to supervise such work. Graduate students doing independent work which cannot be classified as actual research will register for credit under course number 599, 699, or 799.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 646A -- Advanced Ore Deposit Geology  (4 units)
Description:  Geology, characteristics and origins of ore deposits in igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Laboratories include field trips, analytical techniques, problem solving.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 446 or GEOS 546.
Usually offered:  Fall.

GEOS 650 -- Field Studies in Geomorphology  (3 units)
Description:  Field mapping exercises in geomorphology.
Grading:  Regular grades are awarded for this course: A B C D E.
Course includes 1 or more field trips.
Prerequisite(s):  GEOS 450.
Usually offered:  Spring.

GEOS 900 -- Research  (1-6 units)
Description:  Individual research, not related to thesis or dissertation preparation, by graduate students.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P C D E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 909 -- Master's Report  (1-9 units)
Description:  Individual study or special project or formal report thereof submitted in lieu of thesis for certain master's degrees.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 910 -- Thesis  (1-6 units)
Description:  Research for the master's thesis (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or thesis writing). Maximum total credit permitted varies with the major department.
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 920 -- Dissertation  (1-9 units)
Description:  Research for the doctoral dissertation (whether library research, laboratory or field observation or research, artistic creation, or dissertation writing).
Grading:  Alternative grades are awarded for this course: S P E K.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.

GEOS 930 -- Supplementary Registration  (1-9 units)
Description:  For students who have completed all course requirements for their advanced degree programs. May be used concurrently with other enrollments to bring to total number of units to the required minimum.
Grading:  a Grade of K is awarded for this course except for the final term.
May be repeated:  an unlimited number of times, consult your department for details and possible restrictions.
Usually offered:  Fall, Spring, Summer.